Stop Past Tense TA-verbs and I-verbs

how to make the past tense with verb roots ending in B, D, and G

These verbs are made past tense with 2 things - sundóma douplication and a nasal suffix.

The nasal suffix -n is for I-verbs that end in stops (B, D, G), but it's not as simple as you would hope. The -n mutates the consonant it is attached to.

EndingResultIntervocalic
BMP-MM-
DNT-NN-
GNC-NG-

But these aren't the only changes that occur. Take the vowel of the root, called the sund�ma (plural sund�mar) and put a copy of it before the root-if the root starts with a consonant. Because of this, the following consonant is put under Vocalic Mutation.

Heb-Echemp it kept
Mad-Avant it ate
Gad-Ant it caught (the G mutates to nothing, leaving the sund�ma at the beginning of the word)
Tog-Udunc it led
Tob-Odomp It covered

As you can see, finding the sund�ma isn't always so simple. Some Os will become Us, because in ancient times they were Us. To know this, you must go back to the ancient root. Tog- is from the ancient word tuk-, and tob- is from the ancient root top-. I will always mark in wordlists the unclear sundómar.

You don't have to worry about this with Continuant I-Verbs because it's the addition of the -n- that preserves the U.

To add a pronominal suffix to the verb, add an -i to the end. This will cause I-affection in the vowels preceding it, and it would make the nasalized consonants intervocalic. Finally, add the pronoun suffix onto the -i.

EchempEchemmin I kept
AvantEvennif we, not you, ate
AntEnninc you and I caught
UduncYdyngig you led
OdompEdemmir they covered

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