These verbs are made past tense with 2 things - sundóma douplication and a nasal suffix.
The nasal suffix -n is for I-verbs that end in stops (B, D, G), but it's not as simple as you would hope. The -n mutates the consonant it is attached to.
| Ending | → | Result | Intervocalic |
|---|---|---|---|
| B | → | MP | -MM- |
| D | → | NT | -NN- |
| G | → | NC | -NG- |
But these aren't the only changes that occur. Take the vowel of the root, called the sund�ma (plural sund�mar) and put a copy of it before the root-if the root starts with a consonant. Because of this, the following consonant is put under Vocalic Mutation.
Heb- → Echemp it kept
Mad- → Avant it ate
Gad- → Ant it caught (the G mutates to nothing, leaving the sund�ma at the beginning of the word)
Tog- → Udunc it led
Tob- → Odomp It covered
As you can see, finding the sund�ma isn't always so simple. Some Os will become Us, because in ancient times they were Us. To know this, you must go back to the ancient root. Tog- is from the ancient word tuk-, and tob- is from the ancient root top-. I will always mark in wordlists the unclear sundómar.
You don't have to worry about this with Continuant I-Verbs because it's the addition of the -n- that preserves the U.
To add a pronominal suffix to the verb, add an -i to the end. This will cause I-affection in the vowels preceding it, and it would make the nasalized consonants intervocalic. Finally, add the pronoun suffix onto the -i.
Echemp → Echemmin I kept
Avant → Evennif we, not you, ate
Ant → Enninc you and I caught
Udunc → Ydyngig you led
Odomp → Edemmir they covered