2.53 Nephew
- ᴱQ. súyon n. “nephew, ⚠️daughter’s son”
- ᴱQ. súyon appeared in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s with the glosses “nephew, daughter’s son”, a combination of ᴱQ. sui “daughter” and ᴱQ. yon “son” (QL/87). It also appeared in the Poetic and Mythological Words of Eldarissa with the gloss “nephew” (PME/87). Based on its cognate G. fwion “nephew, properly sister’s children”, I think it is more likely this word means “sister’s son” rather than “daughter’s son”.
Neo-Quenya: I would retain this word in Neo-Quenya as a now-obscure elaboration of √YON “son”, but since there are no other words for “nephew” in Quenya, I would use it for male children of any sibling.
- G. fwion n. “nephew”
- The word G. fwion “nephew” appeared in the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s, as a masculinized form of the feminine patronymic G. fwi-, so properly meaning “sister’s son” (GL/36). It is likely related to ᴱQ. súyon “nephew” (QL/87), where *su̯ion > swion > fwion with the (Gnomish) sound change of sw > fw.
Neo-Sindarin: Since ancient sw > hw in Sindarin, I would adapt this word as ᴺS. hwion, and would assume it is a now-obscure elaboration of -ion “son”. Since we have no other words for “nephew”, I’d use it for male children of any sibling, not just a sister’s son.
2.54 Niece
- ᴱQ. súyel n. “niece”
- A neologism coined by Paul Strack in 2022 specifically for Eldamo, the female equivalent of ᴺQ. súyon “nephew” based on the root √YE(L) “daughter” instead of √YON “son”.
- G. fwîr n. “niece”
- The word G. fwîr “niece” appeared in the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s, a combination the feminine patronymic G. fwi- with the Gnomish feminine suffix G. -ir, so properly meaning “sister’s daughter” (GL/36). It is likely related to ᴱQ. súyon “nephew” (QL/87), and arose from something like *su̯īr > swīr > fwîr with the (Gnomish) sound change of sw > fw.
Neo-Sindarin: For purposes of Neo-Sindarin, I would adapt this word as ᴺS. hwiel, with (a) the Sindarin sound change of ancient sw > hw and (b) the later suffix -iel “-daughter”. Since we have no other words for “niece”, I’d use it for female children of any sibling, not just a sister’s daughter.
2.55 Cousin
- ᴱQ. rendo n. “male cousin, kinsman, *relative”
- A noun appearing as ᴱQ. {rendo >>} rēro (rendo) “kinsman, cousin” in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s, under the early root ᴱ√RESE “aid, support ?” (QL/79); the question mark was Tolkien’s. Tolkien later added a note to this entry clarifying that the “kin, cousin” words were derived from primitive reðe; see the entry on ᴱ√REÐE for further discussion.
Neo-Quenya: I would adapt this word as ᴺQ. rendo “male cousin, kinsman or relative” from a Neo-Root ᴺ√RE(N)D.
- ᴱQ. rendole n. “cousinship”
- A word appearing as ᴱQ. rendole “cousinship” in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s, an abstract noun formation from ᴱQ. rendo “cousin” (QL/79).
Neo-Quenya: I would retain this word as ᴺQ. rendolë, an elaboration of ᴺQ. rendo “male cousin” from the Neo-Root ᴺ√RE(N)D.
- ᴱQ. ressë n. “female cousin, kinsman, *relative”
- A noun appearing as ᴱQ. resse “kinswoman, cousin” in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s, under the early root ᴱ√RESE “aid, support ?” (QL/79); the question mark was Tolkien’s. Tolkien later added a note to this entry clarifying that the “kin, cousin” words were derived from primitive reðe; see the entry on ᴱ√REÐE for further discussion.
Neo-Quenya: I would adapt this word as ᴺQ. ressë “female cousin, kinsman or relative” from a Neo-Root ᴺ√RE(N)D. The primitive form *red-se would become retsë in Quenya, but I would assume this word was alter to ressë by analogy with other feminine forms like nissë “woman”.
- G. ren(d) n. “male cousin, relative”
- G. ren(d) appeared in the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s as a word for a male cousin or relative based on the early root ᴱ√redh- (GL/65). It had poetic equivalents G. redhweg and redhos; and the first of these also appeared in the more elaborate form G. goredhweg (GL/41). Two more variants, G. hethren and G. {gedren >>} gedren, referred to first and second male cousins respectively, with the prefixes G. heth (for close relation) and G. ged (a more distant relation) respectively (GL/38; GL/48).
Neo-Sindarin: I would retain ᴺS. rend as a Neo-Sindarin word for “male cousin or relative” as a derivative of the Neo-Root ᴺ√RE(N)D, but would abandon all the more elaborate variants.
- G. ress n. “female cousin, relative”
- G. ress appeared in the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s as a word for a female cousin or relative based on the early root ᴱ√redh- (GL/65). It had poetic equivalents G. redhwin and redhir, which also appeared in the more elaborate forms G. goredhwin or goredhnir (GL/41). Two more variants, G. hethres and G. gedres (with deleted variant {gedhris}), referred to first and second female cousins respectively, with the prefixes G. heth (for close relation) and G. ged (a more distant relation) respectively (GL/38; GL/48).
Neo-Sindarin: I would retain ᴺS. ress as a Neo-Sindarin word for “female cousin or relative” as a derivative of the Neo-Root ᴺ√RE(N)D, but would abandon all the more elaborate variants. This form cannot be a direct result of ancient *red+se, so I think the ss is the result of analogy from other feminine forms like S. bess “wife”.