12.11 Place ᴹQ. essea adj. “in place, local” A (rejected) word appearing as ᴹQ. essea “in place, local” in The Etymologies of the 1930s, an adjectival form of the word ᴹQ. esse “place” under the root ᴹ√ES² (EtyAC/ES). The entry and its derivatives were revised to words having to do
Select Elvish Words 11.87-11.88: Price, Expensive
11.87 Price ᴱN. bog n. “price, cost” A word appearing as ᴱN. bog “price, cost” in the Early Noldorin Dictionary of the 1920s, clearly based on ᴱN. bag- “trade” and the early root ᴱ√VAKA (PE13/160; QL/99). Neo-Sindarin: For purposes of Neo-Sindarin, I would adapt this word as ᴺS. bauch “price,
Select Elvish Words 11.84-11.85: Merchant, Market
11.84 Merchant, Tradesman ᴹQ. makar n. “tradesman, *trader, merchant” A noun appearing as ᴹQ. makar “tradesman” in The Etymologies of the 1930s, an agental formation based on the root ᴹ√MBAKH “exchange” (Ety/MBAKH). The initial element mak- may reflect an alternate (earlier?) form of the root *√MBAK; compare G. bag- and
Select Elvish Words 11.83: to Trade
11.83 to Trade ᴹQ. manka- v. “to trade” A verb given as ᴹQ. {mahta- >> māka- >>} manka- “trade” in The Etymologies of the 1930s under the root ᴹ√MBAKH “exchange” (Ety/MBAKH). ᴹQ. mankale n. “commerce, *trade [as an activity]” A noun given as ᴹQ. {mahtale >>} mankale “commerce” in The
Select Elvish Words 11.73-11.82: Profit; to Sell
11.73 Gain, Profit G. gam(m)a- v. “to gain; to be profitable, bring in revenue; ⚠️gain, profit, interest (on moneys), increase” A word appearing as G. {gamba- >>} gama- or gamma- in the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s, appearing twice with two different translations: “gain, profit, interest (on moneys), increase” and
Select Elvish Words 11.66-11.69: Account, Surety, Tax
11.66 Account, Reckoning Q. not- v. “to count, ⚠️[ᴹQ.] reckon” A verb for “count” (PE17/63), most notable as an element in the adjective únótima “numberless, countless, (lit.) uncountable” from the phrase yéni únótimë ve rámar aldaron “long years numberless as the wings of trees” in the Namárië “poem” (LotR/377). In
Select Elvish Words 11.64: Debt
11.64 Debt ᴹQ. nauta adj. “bound, obliged” An adjective for “bound, obliged” in The Etymologies of the 1930s based on the root ᴹ√NUT “tie, bind” (Ety/NUT). ᴱQ. paitya- v. “to repay, requite” A verb appearing as ᴱQ. paitya- “repay, requite” in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s under the early
Select Elvish Words 11.54-11.57: Avaricious, to Steal, Thief
11.54 Stingy, Avaricious ᴹQ. milka adj. “greedy” An adjective for “greedy” in The Etymologies under the root ᴹ√MIL-IK (Ety/MIL-IK). ᴹQ. milme n. “greed, desire” A noun in The Etymologies glossed “desire, greed” under the root ᴹ√MIL-IK (Ety/MIL-IK). N. melch adh. “greedy” An adjective for “greedy” in The Etymologies under the
Select Elvish Words 11.51-11.53: Rich, Poor, Beggar
11.51 Rich ᴹQ. herenya adj. “wealthy, rich, blessed, fortunat” A word in The Etymologies of the 1930s glossed “fortunate, wealthy, blessed, rich”, an adjectival form of ᴹQ. heren “fortune” under the root ᴹ√KHER “rule, govern, possess” (Ety/KHER). Tolkien indicated the literal meaning of the noun was “governance”, and its actual
Select Elvish Words 11.48: Heir
11.48 Heir ᴹQ. aryon n. “heir” Two similar words appeared in The Etymologies of the 1930s: ᴹQ. aryon “heir” as a derivative of the root ᴹ√GAR, and ᴹQ. haryon “(heir) prince” as a derivative of the root ᴹ√ƷAR, both roots having to do with possession (Ety/GAR; Ety/ƷAR). Drafts of these