9.35 to Pour
- ᴹQ. kalpa- v. “to draw water, scoop out, bale out”
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A verb in The Etymologies of the 1930s glossed “draw water, scoop out, bale out” derived from the root ᴹ√KALPA “water-vessel” (Ety/KALPA).
- Q. púlima v. “pourable, liquid”
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An adjective in Late Notes on Verb Structure (LVS) from 1969, indicating the existence of a verbal root *√PUL “pour”, as opposed to the more usual √UL. This is the only sign of such a root.
- ᴹQ. ululla- v. “to keep on pouring”
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A frequentative verb form appearing in Quenya Verb Structure (QVS) from 1948 (PE22/112).
- ᴹQ. ulya- v. “to pour, flow”
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A verb in The Etymologies of the 1930s glossed “pour” under the root ᴹ√ULU “pour, flow” (Ety/ULU). It had separate intransitive and transitive past tenses: ulle and ulyane, indicating a blending of ancient formative and causative verbs: *ulyă- and *ulyā-. Its past and perfect forms ulle “poured” and (ul)úlie “has poured” appeared in Quenya Verb Structure (QVS) from 1948 (PE22/112).
Conceptual Development: The Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s had two distinct verbs ᴱQ. ulu- “pour, gush (intr.)” and ᴱQ. ulto- “(tr.) pour”, both under the early root ᴱ√ULU¹ “pour, flow fast” (QL/97). The first of these reappeared in the Early Qenya Grammar of the 1920s as húle “he pours” = hu + ule, as well as hŭle “*it pours” = ha + ule (PE14/86).
- G. ultha- v. “to pour”
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A verb appearing in the Gnomish Lexicon as G. ultha- “pour out, tr.” (GL/74), hence clearly based on the early root ᴱ√ULU (QL/97). A deleted verb G. gulta- “pour out, tr.” earlier in the document indicates Tolkien considered having the true form of the root be *ᴱ√GULU (GL/43).
Neo-Sindarin: If adapted for Sindarin phonology, this verb would become oltha-, but there is already another verb N. oltha- “to dream” (Ety/ÓLOS). As such, I would simply coined a neologism ᴺS. ol- “to pour” derived directly from the root √UL.
9.36 to Wash
- ᴱQ. poita- v. “to cleanse, *clean”
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A verb appearing ᴱQ. poita- {“cleanse, tidy up, straighten” >>} “cleanse” in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s under from the early root ᴱ√POYO (QL/75).
Neo-Quenya: Since ᴹ√POY was still associated with “clean” words in The Etymologies of the 1930s (Ety/POY), I would retain ᴺQ. poita- “to cleanse, *clean” for purposes of Neo-Quenya.
- ᴱQ. saune n. “bath, small pool”
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A noun appearing as ᴱQ. saune in the Qenya Lexicon and Poetic and Mythological Words of Eldarissa of the 1910s glossed “a bath” or “bath, small pool”, and derived from the early root ᴱ√SOVO or ᴱ√SOW̯O “wash” (QL/86; PME/86). Very likely the ancient ou became au as was the usual phonetic development in Qenya of the 1910s and 20s.
Neo-Quenya: I retain ᴺ√SOW “wash” for purposes of Neo-Quenya, so I would adapt this word as ᴺQ. súnë “bath, small pool” using the later Quenya sound change of ou to ū.
- ᴱQ. sausa n. “bath water, hot water”
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A noun appearing as ᴱQ. sausa in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s glossed “bath water, hot water” derived from the early root ᴱ√SOVO or ᴱ√SOW̯O “wash” (QL/86). Very likely the ancient ou became au as was the usual phonetic development in Qenya of the 1910s and 20s.
Neo-Quenya: I retain ᴺ√SOW “wash” for purposes of Neo-Quenya, so I would adapt this word as ᴺQ. súsa “bath water, hot water” using the later sound change of ou to ū. To explain the intervocalic s, I assume the archaic form of this noun was southā; compare G. soth “bath”.
- ᴱQ. sov- v. “to wash, *bathe”
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A verb appearing as ᴱQ. sovo- “wash” in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s derived from the early root ᴱ√SOVO or ᴱ√SOW̯O “wash” (QL/86).
Neo-Quenya: I retain ᴺ√SOW “wash” for purposes of Neo-Quenya, so I would retain ᴺQ. sov- “to wash” as well. Since sov- is unlikely to derive directly from ᴺ√SOW, I think it needs to be based on a variant root *ᴺ√SOB.
- ᴱQ. sovalle n. “washing, bathing”
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A word appearing as ᴱQ. sovasta or sovalle “washing, bathing” in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s, a noun form of ᴱQ. sovo- “wash” (QL/86).
Neo-Quenya: I retain ᴺQ. sov- “wash” for purposes of Neo-Quenya, so I would retain ᴺQ. sovallë “washing, bathing” as well.
- G. sô- v. “to wash clean, bathe”
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A verb in the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s appearing as G. {sûtha- >> sû- “wash clean” and sôtha- “bathe (tr. & intr.)” >>} sô- “wash clean, bathe (tr. & intr.)”, all based on the early root ᴱ√soƀ (GL/68). Likely the long ô is the result of the sound change whereby ou became ō as was usual in Gnomish of the 1910s.
Neo-Sindarin: In later Sindarin, ancient ou became ū, so I would adapt this verb as ᴺS. sov- “to wash clean, bathe”, cognate to ᴺQ. sov-.
- G. soth n. “bath”
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A noun appearing as G. soth “bath” in the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s derived from primitive ᴱ✶sou̯þ- (GL/68), where ou became ō as was usual in Gnomish of the 1910s.
Neo-Sindarin: In later Sindarin, ancient ou became ū which would produce sûth, but since this conflicts with N. sûth “draught”, I would coin a neologism ᴺS. sûn “bath” as the cognate of ᴺQ. súnë “bath”.
9.37 to Sweep
- G. fwegra- v. “to sweep”
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A word appearing as G. fwegra- “sweep” in the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s, a verb form of G. fweg “broom” (GL/36).
Neo-Sindarin: The fw- in G. fwegra- is likely the result of ancient sw-, so I would adapt this word as ᴺS. hwegra- “to sweep” for purposes of Neo-Sindarin since sw- became hw- in Sindarin of the 1950s and 60s.
9.38 Broom
- G. fweg n. “broom”
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A noun appearing as G. fweg “broom” in the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s (GL/36).
Neo-Sindarin: The fw- in G. fweg is likely the result of ancient sw-, so I would adapt this word as ᴺS. hweg “broom” for purposes of Neo-Sindarin since sw- became hw- in Sindarin of the 1950s and 60s.