10.48 to Come
- ᴹQ. ettul- v. “*to come forth, come out, issue”
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An untranslated verb appearing in its plural form ettuler in the phrase Soroni númenheruen ettuler from the 1940s (SD/290). It is clearly a combination of et- “forth, out” with tul- “come”, so meaning something like “*come forth, come out, issue”. A similar (primitive) verb ✶et-tul- “come out, issue” appeared in Common Eldarin: Verb Structure (EVS2) from the early 1950s (PE22/136).
- Q. hótul- v. “to come away (to leave a place and go to another)”
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A verb in the Quendi and Eldar essay of 1959-60 glossed “come away, so as to leave a place or group and join another in the thought or place of the speaker”, used to illustrate the mean of the prefix hó- “away from” in combination with the verb tul- “come” (WJ/368).
- Q. tul- v. “to come, ⚠️[ᴱQ.] move (intr.); to bring, carry, fetch; to produce, bear fruit”
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The Quenya verb for “to come”, which is very well-attested. It is derived from the root √TUL whose basic sense is “move towards the speaker” (PE17/188), as in “come here”: á tule sís. English also uses “come with” in the sense “accompany” such as “I will come with you”, but Quenya uses men- (“go”) for this purpose (PE22/162), such as menuvan ó le = “I will go with you”.
Conceptual Development: ᴱQ. tulu- dates all the way back to the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s, where it appeared under the early root ᴱ√TULU, but in that early document it has a much broader set of glosses: “(1) bring, carry, fetch; (2) intr. move, come; (3) produce, bear fruit” (QL/95). By the Early Qenya Grammar its list of glosses was reduced to “come” (PE14/57), and Tolkien used the verb only to mean “come” thereafter. Tolkien often used this verb in grammatical examples, which is part of the reason it is so well-attested.
- Q. tutulla- v. “to keep on coming (and going)”
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A frequentative variant of tul- “come”, and thus meaning “to keep on coming (and going)” = “*come repeatedly/regularly” (PE22/95, 100, 130).
- S. tol- v. “to come”
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The basic Sindarin verb for “to come”, well attested from the 1930s-1960s and derived from the root √TUL of similar meaning (Ety/TUL; PE17/166; PE22/168; VT44/25). The Sindarin o was the result of the usual sound change whereby short [u] became [o] in Sindarin’s phonetic development.
Conceptual Development: A verb G. tul- appeared in the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s, but there its meaning was “(1) bring; (2) come to” (GL/71), and in one place Tolkien said its original meaning was “to support” (GL/69). This is in keeping with the broader meaning of the early root ᴱ√TULU, which was glossed “fetch, bear, bring; move, come; (originally) uphold, support, bear, carry” (QL/95).