10.82 Sailor
- Q. ciryamo n. “mariner”
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A word for a “mariner” in the title Indis i·Ciryamo “The Mariner’s Wife” (UT/8), a combination of cirya “ship” with the agental suffix -mo.
Conceptual Development: The Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s had ᴱQ. veniel “mariner” as an elaboration of ᴱQ. vene “small boat” (QL/100).
- Q. ciryando n. “sailor”
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A word for a “sailor” in notes from the late 1950s or early 1960s (PE17/58), a combination of cirya “ship” with the (masculine) agental suffix -ndo.
- Q. ciryaquen n. “shipman, sailor”
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A word for a “shipman, sailor” in the Quendi and Eldar essay of 1959-60, a combination of cirya “ship” with quén “person” (WJ/372). Tolkien specified that “these compounds being old were accented as unitary words and the main stress came on the syllable preceding -quen” (WJ/407), so stressed cirYAquen and (plural) cirYAqueni.
Conceptual Development: The Declension of Nouns of the early 1930s had ᴹQ. veaner “sailor” as a combination of ᴹQ. vea “sea” and ᴹQ. nér “man”, along with an archaic variant ᴹQ. vainar (PE21/17), the latter with some phonetic modifications particular to this document and not seen in Tolkien’s later writings.
- Q. ëarendur n. “(professional) mariner”
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A word for a “(professional) mariner” as a compound of ëar “sea” and -(n)dur “servant” in a draft letter from 1967 (Let/386). The suffix -(n)dur is often used for those who work on something in a professional capacity; compare ornendur “tree-keep, forester, woodsman” (NM/20). Thus ëarendur refers to people who work on the sea as their job. This word may be contrasted with Eärendil “Lover of the Sea”.
Conceptual Development: The Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s had ᴱQ. yarendila “like a sailor” and ᴱQ. yarendilyon “sailor” based on ᴱQ. Yarendl, a dialectical variant of ᴱQ. Earendel often used to mean “mariner” (QL/105). In the 1910s, ᴱQ. Earendel was not yet derived from the word for “sea”, so this association must have come from the fame of Earendel as a sailor, not from the meaning of the name itself.
10.83 Boat
- Q. luntë n. “boat, ⚠️[ᴱQ.] ship”
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The Quenya word for “boat”, which was well-established. It first appeared as ᴱQ. lunte (lunti-) “ship” in the Qenya Lexicon and Poetic and Mythological Words of Eldarissa of the 1910s based the early root ᴱ√LUTU (QL/57). It was used for “boat” in the ᴱQ. Earendel poem from around 1930 (MC/216). ᴹQ. lunte “boat” appeared in The Etymologies of the 1930s under the root ᴹ√LUT “float, swim” (Ety/LUT). Q. lunte “boat” also appeared in the second version of Tengwesta Qenderinwa (TQ2) from around 1950 (PE18/99).
Neo-Quenya: See the entry for cirya “ship” for a discussion of the possible semantic distinctions of Elvish words for water vessels.
- N. lhunt n. “boat”
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The noun N. lhunt “boat” appeared in The Etymologies of the 1930s under the root ᴹ√LUT “float, swim” (Ety/LUT).
Conceptual Development: The Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s had G. lunta “a ship” (GL/55), clearly related to ᴱQ. lunte “ship, boat” from the contemporaneous Qenya Lexicon under the early root ᴱ√LUT as suggested by Christopher Tolkien (LT1A/Alqaluntë).
Neo-Sindarin: Most Neo-Sindarin writers adapt this word as ᴺS. lunt “boat” as suggested in Hiswelókë’s Sindarin Dictionary (HSD), since the unvoicing of initial l did not occur in Sindarin.