11.11 to Have
- Q. harya- v. “to have, *hold, [ᴹQ.] possess”
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A verb in The Etymologies of the 1930s glossed “possess” under the root ᴹ√ƷAR “have, hold” (Ety/ƷAR). There was another variant arya- “to possess” under the entry for ᴹ√GAR, but this was deleted (EtyAC/GAR). The verb harya- reappeared in the Merin sentence merin sa haryalyë alassë nó vanyalyë Ambarello “I hope that you have happiness before you pass from the world”, probably from the 1950s.
Neo-Quenya: For purposes of Neo-Quenya, I would mainly use harya- for “have” = “hold” as in currently have access to something, or physically have ahold of something. For more abstract senses of “have”, I would use sam-.
- Q. sam- v. “to have”
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A verb for “to have” in Definitive Linguistic Notes (DLN) from 1959, derived from the root √SAM of the same meaning. It was the opposite of pen- “to lack, have not”.
- S. sav- v. “to have”
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A verb for “to have” in Definitive Linguistic Notes (DLN) from 1959, derived from the root √SAM of the same meaning. It was the opposite of pen- “to lack, have not”.
11.12 to Own, Possess
- ᴹQ. arwa adj. and suf. “possessing, having, in control of”
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An adjective in The Etymologies of the 1930s glossed “in control of, possessing” said to be used with the genitive, appearing under the root ᴹ√GAR (Ety/GAR). Presumably its use would be something like atan arwa malto “a man possessing of gold (malta)”. It also functioned as a suffix, as in ᴹQ. aldarwa “having trees, tree-grown”, for example aldarwa ambo “a tree-grown hill, a hill having trees”. Drafts of this entry first translated it as a noun meaning “possessions, belongings, wealth”, revised to a suffix meaning “having, possessing, holding, controlling”, before reaching its final iteration (EtyAC/GAR). Notes on the Feanorian Alphabet also mentioned this adjective as a name for the sign 6é or 7é (r+w), translated “having, possessing” in the 1930s (PE22/23) and “possessing” in the 1940s (PE22/52).
- Q. auvië n. “possession (abstract), *the act of possessing”
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An abstract noun glossed “possession” derived from √AW in Late Notes on Verb Structure (LVS) from 1969 (PE22/151). It was contrasted with aura “a possession or thing owned”, so presumably auvie meant something like “possession = the act or state of possessing”.
- Q. öa- v. “to possess, own, keep”
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A verb Tolkien coined in Late Notes on Verb Structure (LVS) written in 1969 (PE22/155-156) to have the meaning “possess, own, keep (have in hand, use or with one)” (PE22/151). It was derived from the root √AW, apparently not in its usual sense “away”. Tolkien considered two base forms: auta- with pasts au̯ante, oante, vante, or oa- with past aune, future auva, and alternate present āva. Since auta- clashes with better known auta- “depart”, I recommended using oa- “possess, own, keep” for purposes of Neo-Quenya.
- G. guin adj. “own, held, possessed”
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An adjective appearing as G. guin “own, held, possessed” in the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s, above another entry G. guig “a piece of property”, with a brace indicating the two entries had been combined (GL/43). It was likely based on gui the past form of G. gôtha- “possess, have, hold” (GL/42).
Neo-Sindarin: For purposes of Neo-Sindarin, I would update this adjective to ᴺS. garnen “own, held, possessed” as the passive participle of N. gar- “hold, have” from The Etymologies of the 1930s derived from the root ᴹ√GAR (Ety/GAR). Compare N. garn “property” from the same root.