11.23 to Restore
- Q. ceulë n. “*renewal”
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An apparent noun based on the root √KEW “new, fresh, renewed”, so perhaps meaning “*renewal” as suggested by Patrick Wynne (VT48/8).
- Q. ceura adj. “renewed”
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An adjective for “renewed” in rough notes from the late 1960s. Where it first appeared, Tolkien had {keura “renewal” >>} keure “renewed” (VT48/7). Although keure is not a typical adjective form, it seems this change was intentional, since the corresponding Telerin form was T. ciure (VT48/7). However, on a later page Tolkien wrote keura again below Q. kēva “fresh, new, renewed” and adjacent to the Sindarin adjective S. cŷr; on this later page the noun form seems to be Q. keule (VT48/8). Thus it seems to be that ceura “*renewed” was restored. Hat-tip to Luinyelle for this suggestion.
- Q. ceuta- v. “to renew, refresh”
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A verb for “renew, refresh” based on the root √KEW “new, fresh, renewed” (VT48/7-8).
Conceptual Development: The Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s has ᴱQ. loista- “to refresh” based on the early root ᴱ√LAWA (QL/52).
- S. cŷl n. “*renewal”
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An apparent noun based on the root √KEW “new, fresh, renewed”, so perhaps meaning “*renewal” as suggested by Patrick Wynne (VT48/8).
- S. cŷr adj. “renewed”
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An adjective meaning “renewed” based on the root √KEW “new, fresh, renewed” (VT48/7-8).
- S. cýra- v. “to renew”
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A verb for “renew” based on the root √KEW “new, fresh, renewed” (VT48/7-8).
- G. lauthra- v. “to refresh; to revive (intr.)”
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The verb G. lauthra- “to refresh; to revive (intr.)” appeared in the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s (GL/53). It was probably based on the early root ᴱ√LAWA having to do with plants; compare to ᴱQ. loista- “to refresh” derived from that root (QL/52).
Neo-Sindarin: For purposes of Neo-Sindarin I have adapted this verb as ᴺS. laeda- “to refresh, revive” based on the similar root √LAY; compare S. laew “fresh” < √LAY vs. G. laus “fresh” < ᴱ√LAWA.