11.28 to Harm, Injure, Damage
- Q. alahasta adj. “unmarred”
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A word for “unmarred” in one of the names for “Arda Unmarred”, Arda Alahasta (MR/254). It is a negation of hasta- “mar”. There was a similar word úχarin “unmarred” as a negation of χarina from around this time marked “A.”, perhaps meaning it was Ancient Quenya (PE17/150). The modern form would be *úharin. These words might be related if they are derived from a root *√KHAS.
- Q. hasta- v. “to mar”
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A verb for “mar” implied by its passive participle(?) hastaina “marred”.
- Q. hastaina adj. “marred”
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A word appearing as hastaina “marred” in notes towards the end of the 1950s in the name Arda Hastaina “Arda Marred” (MR/254), apparently the passive participle of a verb hasta- “mar”. There was a similar word χarina “marred” from around this time marked “A.”, perhaps meaning it was Ancient Quenya (PE17/150). The modern form would be *harina. These words might be related if they are derived from a root *√KHAS.
- ᴱQ. hyan- v. “to injure”
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A verb appearing as ᴱQ. hyan- “to injure” in Early Qenya word lists of the 1920s (PE16/145).
Neo-Quenya: I would retain ᴺQ. hyan- “to injure” for purpose of Neo-Quenya, since we have no better words in Tolkien’s later writings with this specific meaning.
- ᴱQ. hyanda adj. “harm, damage”
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A noun appearing as ᴱQ. hyanda “harm, damage” in Early Qenya word lists of the 1920s (PE16/144), likely based on the verb ᴱQ. hyan- “to injure” (PE16/144).
Neo-Quenya: Since I retain ᴺQ. hyan- “to injure” for purpose of Neo-Quenya, I would retain ᴺQ. hyanda “harm, damage” as well.
- ᴹQ. sak- adj. “to hurt”
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A verb for “to hurt” appearing only in the form sakin “hurts me” in a marginal note within the Quenya Verbal System (QVS) from 1948 (PE22/93 note #6). This note was later struck through (PE22/93 note #7), but there are hints of this verb’s continued existence in the possibly-related adjective sahta “marred” from the late 1950s (MR/405).
Neo-Quenya: Given sahta “marred”, I would also retain ᴺQ. sac- “to hurt” for purposes of Neo-Quenya.
- Q. sahta adj. “marred, *hurt”
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An adjective for “marred” in notes from the late 1950s (MR/405), possible related to the verb ᴹQ. sak- “hurt” from the 1940s (PE22/93).
Neo-Quenya: For purposes of Neo-Quenya I would assume this adjective could also mean “*hurt”.
- Q. úvana adj. “marred”
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An adjective for “marred” in notes from the late 1950s, a negated form of vana “beautiful, unmarred, of fair unspoiled form” (PE17/150).
Conceptual Development: In a (rejected) draft of this note úvana was gloss “monstrous”, as with úvanimo “monster” (PE17/149). In notes from 1936 ᴹQ. uvana was meant “wicked” in the sentence ᴹQ. nakuvan tye uvana néra “I will slay thee, wicked man”, but this version of the sentence was struck through (PE21/65 note #13).