12.353 Edge
- Q. címa n. “edge of a cutting weapon/tool”
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A word given as {killa “edge, cutting edge” >>} kíma “edge of a cutting weapon/tool” in Late Notes on Verb Structure (LVS) from 1969, derived from the root {√KIL(IM) >>} √KIM “edge, brink of” (PE22/149 and note #26).
- Q. cimba n. “edge, brink”
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A word given as {kilma “edge, brink” >>} kimba “edge, brink (espec. that of [?cliff or] fall in rock or stone)” in Late Notes on Verb Structure (LVS) from 1969, derived from the root {√KIL(IM) >>} √KIM “edge, brink of” (PE22/149 and note #26).
- Q. lanca n. “sharp edge (not of tools), sudden end”
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A word for “sharp edge (not of tools), sudden end” in notes from the late 1960s derived from the root √(G)LAN “rim, edge, border, boundary” (VT42/8). Tolkien specified it could be used as:
… a cliff-edge, or the clean edge of things made by hand or built, also used in transferred senses, as in kuivie-lankasse, literally “on the brink of life”, of a perilous situation in which one is likely to fall into death.
- Q. lanë n. “hem”
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A word for “hem” derived from the root √(G)LAN “rim, edge, border, boundary” in notes from the late 1960s (VT42/8).
- Q. pelma n. “border, fringe, edge, limiting device; [ᴱQ.] pen”
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A word for “a border, fringe, edge, limiting device” derived from the root √PEL “fence” (elsewhere glossed “encircle”) in notes from the mid-1960s (PE17/65). The Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s had ᴱQ. pelma “pen” under the early root ᴱ√PELE¹ “fence in” (QL/73).
Neo-Quenya: Based on the usual meaning of the root, I would assume pelma is a limiting device that surrounds something, and therefore is usable for things like animal pens, the fringes of cloth, or the borders of a country.
- ᴹQ. réna n. “edge, border, margin”
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A noun appearing as {rāna >> rāne >>} réna in The Etymologies of the 1930s under the root {ᴹ√RAG >>} ᴹ√REG “edge, border, margin” (Ety/REG; EtyAC/REG). Presumably its meaning is similar to that of the root.
- ᴹQ. ríma n. “edge, hem, border”
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A word appearing as ᴹQ. ríma “edge, hem, border” in The Etymologies of the 1930s under the root ᴹ√RĪ (Ety/RĪ). In their Addenda and Corrigenda to the Etymologies, Carl Hostetter and Patrick Wynne indicated Tolkien considered changing the root: “Alter to SRI-” (EtyAC/RĪ).
Neo-Quenya: Based on the revision of the root, I would adapt this word as ᴺQ. hríma “edge, hem, border” to minimize conflict with other Quenya ríma words and to allow retention of N. rhîf “brink, brim”.
Conceptual Development: The Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s had ᴱQ. rimbe “edge, lip, brim” and ᴱQ. rīmen “border, shore”, both under the root ᴱ√RIMI (QL/80).
- ᴱQ. taste n. “fringe”
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A word appearing as ᴱQ. taste “fringe” in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s under the early root ᴱ√TASA (QL/89). 1940s ᴹQ. atsa “tassel, fryse, fringe” may be a later iteration, also derived from the root ᴹ√TAS (PE22/50 note #187).
Neo-Quenya: I would retain ᴺQ. tastë “fringe” for purpose of Neo-Quenya, but based on the Neo-Root ᴺ√TATH to avoid conflict with the later root √TAS “indicate”. I would not use atsa “fringe” since it conflicts with the more common ᴹQ. atsa “claw”; see that entry for discussion.
- ᴱQ. teluste n. “extremity”
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A noun appearing as ᴱQ. teluste “extremity” in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s, an elaboration of ᴱQ. telu “end, close” (QL/91).
Neo-Quenya: In Tolkien’s later writings telu means “last”, but that’s close enough to the earlier meaning that I think we can retain ᴺQ. telustë “extremity” for purposes of Neo-Quenya.
- S. glân n. “hem, border (of textiles and other hand-made things)”
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A word for “hem, border (of textiles and other hand-made things)” derived from the root √(G)LAN “rim, edge, border, boundary” (VT42/8).
- S. lanc n. “sharp edge (not of tools), sudden end”
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A Sindarin word in notes from the late 1960s equivalent to Q. lanka “sharp edge (not of tools), sudden end” derived from the root √(G)LAN “rim, edge, border, boundary” (VT42/8). See its Quenya equivalent for more information.
- N. rhîf n. “brink, brim”
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A noun appearing as N. rhîf in The Etymologies of the 1930s under the root ᴹ√RĪ (Ety/RĪ). Christopher Tolkien did not give this word a gloss in The Etymologies as published in The Lost Road, and many people assumed it had the same meaning as its Quenya equivalent ᴹQ. ríma “edge, hem, border” (LR/358), but Carl Hostetter and Patrick Wynne indicated it had a separate gloss “brink, brim” in their Addenda and Corrigenda to the Etymologies (VT46/11). Hostetter and Wynne also indicated Tolkien considered changing the root: “Alter to SRI-”.
Neo-Sindarin: Based on David Salo’s theory that final v became w after i (GS/§4.173, GS/§4.174), some Neo-Sindarin writers adapt this Noldorin word as ᴺS. rîw, with the usual adjustment of Noldorin rh to Sindarin r (GS/283, HSD/rîw). However, I think the bulk of the evidence is that v > w was limited to diphthongs ae and oe in Sindarin. Also, given the revision of the root to SRI, I’d just keep the Noldorin form ᴺS. rhîf “brink, brim” for purposes of Neo-Sindarin.
Conceptual Development: The Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s had G. raim “edge, border-line” derived from the early root ᴱ√rib “a rim” (GL/64), a root that was ᴱ√RIMI in the contemporaneous Qenya Lexicon (QL/80).
- G. tast n. “border, fringe”
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A word appearing as G. tast¹ “border, fringe” (GL/69), clearly based on the early root ᴱ√TASA which had a derivative ᴱQ. taste “fringe” in the contemporaneous Qenya Lexicon (QL/89).
Neo-Sindarin: Since I retain ᴺQ. tastë “fringe” based on the Neo-Root ᴺ√TATH, I would retain ᴺS. tast “border, fringe” for purposes of Neo-Sindarin as well.