13.13 Whole
- Q. aqua adv. “fully, completely, altogether, wholly”
-
An adverb for “fully, completely, altogether, wholly” in the Quendi and Eldar essay (Q&E) from 1959-60 based on the root √KWA having to do with “full” or “complete” (WJ/392).
- ᴹQ. ilqa adj. and pron. “all the, the whole (situation); ⚠️everything, all”
-
An adjective or pronoun for “all the, the whole” appearing in Demonstrative, Relative, and Correlative Stems (DRC) from 1948 as a combination of ᴹQ. il(u)- “the whole” and ᴹQ. qa- “each, every, all” (PE23/106). It also functioned as a prefix of similar meaning (PE23/101). As an adjective Tolkien specified ilqa was used with singular nouns and without the article, as in ᴹQ. ilqa nóre “all the land” (PE23/106). It could be used pronominally to mean “the whole (situation)” (PE23/105).
Conceptual Development: In drafts of DRC, ilqa meant “every, each” before being revised to qa(qe) (PE23/101 note #36). In DRC, primitive ᴹ√kwā- meant “all”, possibly related to ᴹ√KWAT “fill” (PE23/101). However, in The Etymologies of the 1930s ilqa was instead “everything”, because in that document ᴹ√KWA meant “something”, so that il-qa = “*all things” (Ety/IL; EtyAC/KWA). The word ilqa was translated as “all” (pronoun) in ᴹQ. Fíriel’s Song, also from the 1930s (LR/72).
Neo-Quenya: In Tolkien’s later writings, IL was “all” (VT48/25) and √KWA was translated “whole, complete, all” (VT47/7, 17), but I think ilqua might still be used for “all the, the whole” with a reversal of the meaning of its elements.
- ᴹQ. ilqanna adv. “altogether, wholly, quite”
-
An adverb for “altogether, wholly, quite” appearing in Demonstrative, Relative, and Correlative Stems (DRC) from 1948, apparently a combination of ilqa “the whole” and qanna “entire” (PE23/106).
- ᴹQ. qanna adj. “entire, whole, complete, altogether”
-
A word appearing as {qanta >>} qanna in Demonstrative, Relative, and Correlative Stems (DRC) from 1948 derived from primitive ᴹ✶kwatnā and translated as “entire, complete, whole” or “entire, altogether” (PE23/101, 106). In the latter translation it seems to be used undeclined as a modifier that was an alternate to “all”, such as: ilqa nóre qanna “the whole land [al]together/entire” = “*all the whole land”.
Conceptual Development: The Early Qenya Grammar (EQG) of the 1920s had ᴱQ. kaina and ᴱQ. kaino “whole”, adjective and noun respectively, both based on ᴱQ. kai “ten” = “all fingers”.
- S. pân adj. “all, *complete, entire, full, the whole”
-
A word for “all” appearing only in its mutated plural form phain in the King’s Letter from the phrase ar e aníra ennas suilannad mhellyn în phain “and he desires to greet there all his friends” (SD/129). It is almost certainly based on the root √KWA “complete, full”.
Neo-Sindarin: In a conversation on Vinyë Lambengolmor Discord Server (VLDS) from 2022-03-10 involving Arael, Raccoon, Lokyt, and Röandil it was suggested that pân might also mean “*complete, entire, full, the whole”. For purposes of Neo-Sindarin, I would use this word as both an adjective and a (pro)noun as in anno annin bân “give me [it] all”. As an adjective it would usually be in the plural: elidh bain “all elves” or i elidh bain “all [of] the elves”, except perhaps when modifying a mass noun: nen bân “all water” or i nen bân “all [of] the water”.
Also recall that Sindarin has a system of class plurals which are used to designate an entire class or all of a group in a given context, such as edhelrim meaning either “all of elvenkind” or “all the elves in this context”. Thus I would only use pân with an ordinary plural when it is necessary to emphasize the completeness or wholeness of the group in question. When used with a class plural I would give pân the sense “entire” or “the whole”. Compare Aran Eledhrim “King of Elvenkind” vs Aran Eledhrim Bân “King of the Whole of Elvenkind” (no elf excluded).