9.21 to Hit, Strike, Beat ᴱQ. hyalta- v. “to strike, make ring” A verb appearing as ᴱQ. hyalta- “to strike, make ring” in Early Qenya Word-lists of the 1920s (PE16/144), possibly related to the 1930s root ᴹ√SYAL having to do with sea shells if the underlying meaning was resonant sounds
Select Elvish Words
Studies on selected elvish words to sort out their semantics.
Select Elvish Words 9.19-9.192: Rope, Cord, Knot
9.19 Rope, Cord ᴱQ. hempa n. “cord” A noun appearing as ᴱQ. hempa “cord” in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s under the early root ᴱ√HEPE “bind” (QL/40). Neo-Sindarin: In Tolkien’s later writings √KHEP meant “keep”, but I think it could still be the basis for ᴺQ. hempa “cord”. Q.
Select Elvish Words 9.17-9.18: Bond, Chain
9.17 Bond Q. naxa n. “bond, fetter” A word for “bond, fetter” in green-ink revisions from around 1970 to the Outline of Phonology (OP2), based on the root √NASAG and related to Black Speech nazg “ring” (PE19/101). ᴹQ. núte n. “bond, knot” A noun in The Etymologies of the 1930s
Select Elvish Words 9.16: to Bind
9.16 to Bind ᴱQ. hepe- v. “to bind” A word appearing as ᴱQ. hepin “I bind” in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s and as hepe- “bind” in the contemporaneous Poetic and Mythological Words of Eldarissa of the 1910s, derived from the early root ᴱ√HEPE of the same meaning (QL/40).
Select Elvish Words 9.14: to Bend
9.14 to Bend Q. cúna adj. “bent, curved” An adjective for “bent, curved” in notes associated with the Markirya poem of the 1960s, related to the verb Q. kúna- to bend (MC/223). Q. cúna- v. “to bend” A verb for “to bend” based on the adjective Q. kúna “bend, curve”
Select Elvish Words 9.12-9.13: Work, Labor, Toil
9.12 Work, Labor Q. mólë n. “labour, *work” A form appearing as mōle after the verb mol- “labour” in notes on “large & small” words, probably from the late 1960s (PE17/115). The section where these words appeared was deleted. The form mōle might be a noun, or might be the
Select Elvish Words 9.114: Action
9.114 Action Q. ahtar- v. “to do back, react; ⚠️to requite, avenge” In notes from around 1959 Tolkien had a verb akkar- or ahtar-, cognate to S. achar- “do back, react; requite; avenge” as combination of √AT “back” (related to √AT-TA “two”) and √KAR “do” (PE17/166). This etymology was rejected
Select Elvish Words 9.112: Doer, Agent
9.112 Doer, Agent Q. -llë suf. “feminine agent” Some feminine agental suffixes were mentioned Notes on Galadriel’s Song (NGS) from the late 1950s or early 1960s: -lle, -lde, and -nde, the first of which was an element in the name Tintallë (PE17/69). In NGS Tolkien said -lle was used less
Select Elvish Words 9.11: to Do, Make
9.11 to Do, Make ᴹQ. alcárima adj. “not feasible, impossible” A negation of cárima “feasible, possible”, first appearing as ᴹQ. alkárima “impossible to make” in the Quenya Verbal System (QVS) of the 1940s (PE22/111), then as Q. la-kárima “not feasible, impossible” in Late Notes on Verb Structure (LVS) from around
Select Elvish Words 8.99: Vegetation (other) – Sindarin
8.99: Vegetation (other) N. chwann n. “sponge, fungus” A noun for “sponge, fungus” appearing as N. chwann or hwand in The Etymologies of the 1930s derived from primitive ᴹ✶swanda under the root ᴹ√SWAD (Ety/SWAD). In Noldorin of the 1930s, ancient initial sw became voiceless hw, and then this hw became