4.85 to Wound; Wound; Wounded ᴹQ. harna- v. “to wound” A verb for “to wound” in The Etymologies of the 1930s derived from the root ᴹ√SKAR “tear, rend” (Ety/SKAR). ᴹQ. harna adj. “wounded” An adjective for “wounded” in The Etymologies of the 1930s derived from primitive ᴹ✶skarnā under the root
Select Elvish Words
Studies on selected elvish words to sort out their semantics.
Select Elvish Words 4.83-4.84: Health, Sickness (Sindarin)
4.83 Well; Health S. alw adj. “wholesome, *healthy” An adjective appearing as alw “wholesome” derived from √AL “good” in notes from around 1959, along with a plural form ely (PE17/146). Neo-Sindarin: This root was sometimes associated with physical health (PE17/149), so I would interpret this word as “wholesome” in the
Select Elvish Words 4.83-4.84: Health, Sickness (Quenya)
4.83 Well; Health Q. málë n. “good health” A noun for “good health” in Definitive Linguistic Notes (DLN) from 1959, based on the root √MAGA “to thrive, be in a good state” (PE17/162). 4.84 Sick; Sickness ᴹQ. kaila adj. “lying in bed, *abed, ⚠️bedridden; sickness” A word in The Etymologies
Select Elvish Words 4.81-4.82: Strong, Weak (Sindarin)
4.81 Strong, Mighty, Powerful S. belaith [mb-] adj. “mighty” An adjective for “mighty” derived from the root √MBELEK in a page of notes having to do with “large & small” words, probably from the late 1960s (PE17/115), apparently from the primitive form *✶mbelektā with the ekt vocalizing to eith and
Select Elvish Words 4.81-4.82: Strong, Weak (Quenya)
4.81 Strong, Mighty, Powerful Q. astalda adj. “strong, *valiant” An adjective glossed “strong” and derived from the root √STAL in a page of notes having to do with “large & small” words, probably from the late 1960s (PE17/115). This page was rejected, but Tolkien used Astaldo “Valiant” as a sobriquet
Select Elvish Words 4.77-4.79 Corpse, Grave
4.77 Corpse, Body Q. loico n. “corpse, dead body” A word for “corpse, dead body” in the 1960s version of the Markirya poem (MC/223). Its etymology is unclear. Conceptual Development: In the version of the poem from around 1930, Tolkien used the word ᴱQ. kaivo “corpse” (MC/214, 221), probably based
Select Elvish Words 4.76: to Kill
4.76 to Kill Q. nahta- v. “to slay, [ᴱQ.] slay cruelly; ⚠️[Q.] to hurt, injure, wound” A verb for “slay” based on the root √NDAK (PE22/156). Conjugations from 1964 (PE17/77) and 1969 (PE22/156-157, 159, 164) indicate it was a half-strong verb with past tense nacante, though it also had an
Select Elvish Words 4.75: Death (Sindarin)
4.75 to Die; Dead; Death S. fern n. and adj. “dead person; [N.] dead (of mortals)” An adjective in The Etymologies of the 1930s glossed “dead (of mortals)” under the root ᴹ√PHIR “die of natural causes”, used as a plural noun in the name Dor Firn i Guinar “Land of
Select Elvish Words 4.75: Death (Quenya)
4.75 to Die; Dead; Death Q. fir- v. “to die, fade, †expire, breathe forth” A verb for “to die”, originally meaning “breathe forth, expire” (MR/250). Tolkien also translated it as “die, fade” in notes for the Markirya poem of the 1960s (MC/223). The use of this verb for death was
Select Elvish Words 4.74-4.742: Life, Immortal (Sindarin)
4.74 to Live; Living; Life S. cuia- v. “to live” A verb for “to live” appearing only in the imperative form cuio in the phrase cuio i Pheriain anann “long live the Halflings” or “may the Halflings live long” (LotR/953; Let/448; PE17/102). It already had this form when it appeared