9.33 to Draw, Pull ᴱQ. luk- v. “to haul, drag, [ᴱQ.] pull (behind)” A verb appearing as ᴱQ. luk- “pull” in Early Qenya Word-lists of the 1920s (PE16/134). A set of what appears to be past forms (lunke, ulunke, ulunket, unlunke) appeared in various versions of an untranslated sentence in
Select Elvish Words
Studies on selected elvish words to sort out their semantics.
Select Elvish Words 9.31-9.32: to Rub, Stretch
9.31 to Rub Q. †psar- v. “to rub, [ᴹQ.] fret” A verb for “rub” mentioned in the second version of Tengwesta Qenderinwa (TQ2) from around 1950 (PE18/94). It is also mentioned in the Quenya Verbal System of 1948 as the basis for the frequentative verb ᴹQ. sapsarra- “keep on rubbing,
Select Elvish Words 9.28-9.29: to Tear, Flay, Skin
9.28 to Tear ᴱQ. ripta- v. “to cut in strips, tear up; to stripe, mark in parallel lines; to flay, flog” A verb appearing as ᴱQ. ripta- with glosses “to cut in strips, tear up — stripe, mark in parallel lines — flay, flog” in the Qenya Lexicon of the
Select Elvish Words 9.27: to Split
9.27 to Split ᴹQ. hyar- v. “to cleave; [ᴱQ.] to plough” A verb appearing as hyarin “I cleave” in The Etymologies of the 1930s as a derivative of from the root ᴹ√SYAD “shear through, cleave” (Ety/SYAD). In the Outline of Phonetic Development (OP1) from around this time, Tolkien had an
Select Elvish Words 9.26: to Break
9.26 to Break ᴹQ. askat- v. “to rend, break asunder” The verb ᴹQ. terhat- “break apart” appeared in The Etymologies of the 1930s, a combination of ᴹQ. ter “through” with the root ᴹ√SKAT “break asunder” (Ety/SKAT). Its past form terhante “broke” appeared in earlier versions of the Lament of Atalante
Select Elvish Words 9.23-9.25: Knife, Ax
9.23: Knife (tool) Q. cirma n. “knife” A word for “knife” attested only as an element in cirmacin “knife-edge” in Late Notes on Verb Structure (LVS) from 1969 (PE22/149). This “knife” word is probably a combination of √KIR “cut” with the instrumental suffix ✶-mā, so more literally a “cut-tool”. Q.
Select Elvish Words 9.22: to Cut
9.22 to Cut Q. aucir- v. “to cut off (and get rid of or lose a portion)” A verb in the Quendi and Eldar essay from 1959-60 translated “cut off so that a portion is lost or no longer available” (WJ/365) and “cut off and get rid of or lose
Select Elvish Words 9.21: to Hit, Strike, Beat
9.21 to Hit, Strike, Beat ᴱQ. hyalta- v. “to strike, make ring” A verb appearing as ᴱQ. hyalta- “to strike, make ring” in Early Qenya Word-lists of the 1920s (PE16/144), possibly related to the 1930s root ᴹ√SYAL having to do with sea shells if the underlying meaning was resonant sounds
Select Elvish Words 9.19-9.192: Rope, Cord, Knot
9.19 Rope, Cord ᴱQ. hempa n. “cord” A noun appearing as ᴱQ. hempa “cord” in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s under the early root ᴱ√HEPE “bind” (QL/40). Neo-Sindarin: In Tolkien’s later writings √KHEP meant “keep”, but I think it could still be the basis for ᴺQ. hempa “cord”. Q.
Select Elvish Words 9.17-9.18: Bond, Chain
9.17 Bond Q. naxa n. “bond, fetter” A word for “bond, fetter” in green-ink revisions from around 1970 to the Outline of Phonology (OP2), based on the root √NASAG and related to Black Speech nazg “ring” (PE19/101). ᴹQ. núte n. “bond, knot” A noun in The Etymologies of the 1930s