3.21 Bull
- Q. mundo n. “bull, ox”
- A word for “bull” in a 1972 letter to Meriel Thurston (Let/422). A similar form mondo appeared as an element in the name Q. Mondósar “Oxford” from a 1968 letter (DTS/70). See S. mund for other possible conceptual precursors.
- S. mund n. “bull”
- An Elvish word for “bull” in a 1972 letter to Meriel Thurston appearing as an element in various names such as Aramund “Noble Bull” (Let/423). Given its lack of final vowel, this is likely the Sindarin equivalent of Q. mundo “bull” appearing in another letter to Mrs. Thurston from early in the same year (Let/422).
Conceptual Development: The similar word G. mû “ox” appeared in the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s serving as the basis for various cow-related words (GL/58).
3.23 Cow
- ᴱQ. yaksi n. “cow”
- The noun ᴱQ. yaksi “cow” appeared in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s as a derivative of the early root ᴱ√Ẏak “a head of cattle” (QL/105). The contemporaneous Gnomish Lexicon also had ᴱQ. yaksi, but this form was deleted and ᴱQ. yakse was given as the cognate of G. gach “milch cow” (GL/36).
Conceptual Development: In Early Qenya Word-lists of the 1920s, the word for “cow” was ᴱQ. mui, likely related to G. mûs “cow” with a deleted variant {mui} as suggested by Patrick Wynne and Christopher Gilson (PE16/132).
Neo-Quenya: For purposes of Neo-Quenya, I would adapt this word as ᴺQ. yaxë from the Neo-Root ᴺ√GYAK; Helge Fauskanger used this word for “cow” in his Neo-Quenya New Testament (NQNT).
- G. gach n. “milch cow”
- A noun in the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s appearing as {gacha “cow” >>} G. gach “a milch cow”, cognate to ᴱQ. yakse of the same meaning (GL/36), which was derived from the early root ᴱ√Ẏak “a head of cattle” (QL/105).
Neo-Sindarin: I would retain this word in Neo-Sindarin as ᴺS. gach “cow” (< *gyaksē) based on the Neo-Root ᴺ√GYAK, with the sound changes (a) gy- > g- and (b) ks > ch.
- G. mûst n. “byre, cowhouse”
- A word appearing as G. mûst “byre, cowhouse” in the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s, a combination of G. mû “ox” and ost “enclosure” (GL/58). Tolkien wrote ŭ in parenthesis after this word, perhaps indicating the proper form should be mŭst; a long vowel before a cluster like st is very peculiar.
Neo-Sindarin: I would adapt this word as ᴺS. munnost, using the later word S. mund as its initial element.
3.24 Calf