3.32 Boar
- ᴱQ. karkapolka n. “boar, *(lit.) tusk-pig”
- The word ᴱQ. karkapolka “boar” appeared in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s as a combination of ᴱQ. karka “fang, tooth, tusk” and ᴱQ. polka “pig” (QL/48), hence literally “*tusk pig”.
Conceptual Development: The word for “boar” in the Early Qenya Word-lists of the 1920s was ᴱQ. úro (PE16/132), but its derivation is unclear.
Neo-Quenya: I’d use ᴺQ. carcapolca for “boar” in Neo-Quenya, as its etymology is more transparent.
3.35 Pig
- ᴱQ. polka n. “pig”
- The word ᴱQ. polka “pig” appeared in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s, under the early root ᴱ√POLO “have strength”, but Tolkien marked it with a “?” (QL/75). However, it appeared elsewhere as an element in ᴱQ. karkapolka “boar” = “*tusk pig” (QL/48).
Neo-Quenya: I’d retain this word as ᴺQ. polca for purposes of Neo-Quenya, since √POL survived in Tolkien’s later writings.
- G. hunc n. “pig”
- A noun appearing as G. hunc “pig” in the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s of unclear derivation (GL/49).
Neo-Sindarin: I’d retain this word as ᴺS. hunc for purposes of Neo-Sindarin as there are no good alternatives.
3.36 Goat
- ᴱQ. nyé n. “bleat, cry of goat or sheep”
- The word ᴱQ. nyé “bleat, cry of goat or sheep” appeared in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s as a derivative of the early root ᴱ√NYE(NE) “bleat” (QL/68). This root was connected to ᴱ√NYEHE “weep” which was the basis for words like ᴱQ. nie “tear”.
Neo-Quenya: The word ᴹQ. nie “tear” reappeared in Tolkien’s later writings as a derivative of ᴹ√NEY, and I think ᴺQ. nyé “bleat” might be retained in Neo-Quenya as an onomatopoeic form, possibly related to this root.
- ᴱQ. nyéni n. “she-goat”
- The word ᴱQ. nyēni “she-goat” appeared in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s as a feminized form of ᴱQ. nyé “bleat” (QL/68). It also appeared in the Poetic and Mythological Words of Eldarissa (PME/68).
Neo-Quenya: I’d retain ᴺQ. nyéni for “(she) goat” for purposes of Neo-Quenya; see ᴺQ. nyé “bleat” for the rationale, and ᴺQ. naico “goat” for possible alternatives.
- ᴹQ. yat (yak-) n. “goat”
- The word ᴹQ. yat (yak-) “goat” appeared in the Declension of Nouns from the early 1930s (PE21/24).
Conceptual Development: In the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s and Early Qenya Word-lists of the 1920s, ᴱQ. yakko was “ox” (QL/105; PE16/132). In Common Eldarin: Noun Structure of the early 1950s, Tolkien gave the possibly-related primitive form ✶najak- for “goat”, with masculine and feminine variants ✶najakō “he-goat” and ✶naikē “she-goat” (PE21/82).
Neo-Quenya: Helge Fauskanger used ᴺQ. naico for (male?) “goat” in his Neo-Quenya New Testament (NQNT) as a derivative of ✶najakō, and I would recommend this over ᴹQ. yat for this purpose. However, I’d recommend ᴺQ. nyéni for a female goat (adapted from ᴱQ. nyéni) since it (a) is more distinctive than *naice and (b) does not conflict with ᴹQ. naike “sharp pain”; Helge Fauskanger used nyéni in NQNT as well.
- ᴺS. naeag n. “goat”
- A neologism for “goat” coined by Gábor Lőrinczi appearing in VinQuettaParma Wiki (VQP), derived from primitive ✶najak- “goat” (PE21/82).