5.61 Meat
- ᴹQ. apsa n. “meat, cooked food”
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A noun for “cooked food, meat” in The Etymologies of the 1930s derived from the root ᴹ√AP (Ety/AP). The word apsa “meat” also appeared in notes on The Feanorian Alphabet from the 1930s and 40s (PE22/21, 50), though in the 1940s version its gloss was revised to “juice” (PE22/50 note #181).
Neo-Quenya: For purposed of Neo-Quenya, I’d stick to the better-known meaning “(cooked) meat” from The Etymologies. I would use it for “meat” used in cooking and eating, as opposed to Q. hrávë “flesh” as part of a body.
- ᴱQ. tarqin(a) n. and adj. “salt meat; salted, dried, *(orig.) preserved”
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A word appearing as ᴱQ. tarqin or tarqina “adj. salted, dried. (n.) salt meat” in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s, an adjectival form of ᴱQ. tarqa- “dry, preserve; pickle” under the early root ᴱ√TṚQṚ (QL/94). As such, it was probably originally an adjective, and its noun use for “salt meat” was based on that (= “*preserves”).
Neo-Quenya: I’d retain ᴺQ. tarquin(a) “salt meat; salted, dried, *(orig.) preserved” for purposes of Neo-Quenya based the Neo-Root ᴺ√TARKWA.
- N. aes n. “cooked food, meat”
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A noun for “meat” in The Etymologies of the 1930s derived from the root ᴹ√AP, likely from primitive *apsā given its Quenya cognate ᴹQ. apsa (Ety/AP). If so, the ae is the result of the vocalization of the ancient ap to ai, after which the diphthong ai became ae.
Neo-Sindarin: This 1930s Noldorin word presents two problems for its adaptation to Sindarin. First, the Sindarin vocalization of ancient p seems to be u rather than i, as in S. leutha- “pick up” < *lepta- (VT47/10). Second, it seems spirants no longer vocalized before s, as in S. ach “neck” < aks (PE17/92). Nevertheless, I would retain this word for purposes of Neo-Sindarin and assume it was the result of dialectical variations in Sindarin of the First Age.
5.614 Fat, Grease
- Q. hlúvo n. “greasy, fat”
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An adjective for “greasy, fat” from Common Eldarin: Noun Structure (EVS2) of the early 1950s, derived from ✶slūbŭ (PE21/82). Tolkien gaves its forms as hlūvo, lūvo, reflecting its classical and modern Quenya pronunciations. This entry uses hlúvo as the form, as that is what would appear in Tengwar spelling, and Tolkien usually retained hl- in his spellings using Latin characters as well.
- ᴹQ. lar n. “fat, richness, ⚠️riches”
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A noun in The Etymologies of the 1930s glossed “fat, riches” derived from the root ᴹ√LAR “rich, fat” (EtyAC/LAR). In their Addenda and Corrigenda to the Etymologies, Carl Hostetter and Patrick Wynne suggest that the gloss “riches” was perhaps intended to be “richness” since another word ᴹQ. larma in the same entry was originally glossed “fat, richness” before being revised to “(pig?)-fat, flesh”.
Conceptual Development: When this entry was first written, root forms were ᴹ√LAR/LAS and the gloss of lar was “Fortune (good), prosperity, Bliss” (EtyAC/LAR). When Tolkien updated this root to be “fat, rich” he seems to have restored the early root ᴱ√LARA from the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s whose derivatives also had to do with “fat” (QL/51).
Neo-Quenya: For purposes of Neo-Quenya, I would use this word to refer to fat (fattiness) or richness in the taste of food as in “the richness (lar) of the soup”. I would use ᴹQ. larma to refer to specific piece of fat within flesh as in “cut the fat (larma) from the meat”.
- ᴹQ. lárea adj. “fat, rich”
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A word in The Etymologies of the 1930s glossed “fat, rich”, the adjectival form of ᴹQ. lar under the root ᴹ√LAR “rich, fat” (EtyAC/LAR).
Conceptual Development: When this entry was first written, root forms were ᴹ√LAR/LAS, this word had two forms, lára and lárea, and its gloss was “blessed” (EtyAC/LAR). When Tolkien updated this root to be “fat, rich” he seems to have restored the early root ᴱ√LARA from the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s whose derivatives also had to do with “fat” (QL/51). As such, the 1930s word lárea “fat, rich” seems to be a later iteration of ᴱQ. {larda >>} laruke “fat, rich” from this 1910s root.
Neo-Quenya: For purposes Neo-Quenya, I would use this word to refer to the rich taste of food, especially richness as derived from fat (including from substances like butter or even vegetable fats), such as “this soup is rich (tastes good because of fats)” = sina sulpa lárëa (ná). For “fatty” of actual flesh or meat I would instead use ᴺQ. larmëa.
- ᴹQ. larma n. “fat [as a substance], ⚠️(?pig-)fat, flesh”
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A noun in The Etymologies of the 1930s glossed “(?pig-)fat, flesh” under the root ᴹ√LAR “rich, fat” (EtyAC/LAR); the first half “pig” of the first word in the gloss was unclear.
Conceptual Development: When this entry was first written, root forms were ᴹ√LAR/LAS and this word was glossed “a lucky event, (?pleasure, mirth)”; the last two words in the gloss were unclear (EtyAC/LAR). When Tolkien updated this root to be “fat, rich” he seems to have restored the early root ᴱ√LARA from the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s whose derivatives also had to do with “fat” (QL/51).
Neo-Quenya: For purposes Neo-Quenya, I would use this word to primarily refer to “fat” as a substance, either living or unliving, especially fat used in the preparation of food. For “flesh” in general as part of a body I would use Q. hrávë.
- ᴱQ. laru n. “grease, ⚠️fat”
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A word appearing as ᴱQ. laru “fat, grease” in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s under the early root ᴱ√LARA whose derivative had to do with fat (QL/51). In Early Qenya Word-lists of the 1920s Tolkien instead had ᴱQ. lise {“greasy” >>} “grease”, with an accusative form lisya- indicating a stem lisy- (PE16/141).
Neo-Quenya: The root ᴹ√LAR “fat, grease” from The Etymologies of the 1930s seems to indicate that lisy- was a transient idea, so I would retain ᴺQ. laru for purposes of Neo-Quenya, but would use it only for “grease”. For “fat” I would instead use ᴹQ. larma (Ety/LAR). Note that Tolkien also had the adjective Q. (h)lúvo “greasy, fat” in notes from the early 1950s (PE21/82) but gave no noun form.
- ᴱQ. larúva adj. “greasy”
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A word appearing as ᴱQ. larúva “greasy”, an adjectival form of ᴱQ. laru “fat, grease” in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s under the early root ᴱ√LARA (QL/51). In Early Qenya Word-lists of the 1920s Tolkien instead had ᴱQ. lisiva “greasy” as the adjectival form of ᴱQ. lise (lisy-) “grease” (PE16/141).
Neo-Quenya: The root ᴹ√LAR “fat, grease” from The Etymologies of the 1930s seems to indicate that lisy- was a transient idea, so I would retain ᴺQ. larúva “greasy” for purposes of Neo-Quenya. Note that Tolkien also had a different adjective Q. (h)lúvo “greasy, fat” in notes from the early 1950s (PE21/82), but I think the two can coexist.
- ᴱN. blé n. and adj. “fat of meat; *fatty, oily, greasy”
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A word appearing as ᴱN. blé “fat (n. & adj.) of meat” in Early Noldorin Word-lists of the 1920s, likely derived from some variant of ᴱ✶mḷgo; compare to ᴱN. bliw “oil” on the same page (PE13/139).
Conceptual Development: Possible precursors include the noun G. ilm “oil, fat, grease” and the adjective G. ilbrin “oily, fat, greasy” in the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s (GL/50), likely derived from the early root ᴱ√ILI¹ “shine oily” (QL/42).
Neo-Sindarin: I think it is worth retaining ᴺS. blê for purposes of Neo-Sindarin as both an adjective meaning “*fatty, oily, greasy” and a noun meaning “fat (of meat)”, derived from the Neo-Root ᴺ√MILIG “oil”. It could perhaps be from a primitive form m’ligā where the initial ml- became bl- and the e is the result of a-affection of the i to e.
- ᴱN. lhub n. “fat”
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A noun appearing as ᴱN. lhub “fat” in Early Noldorin Word-lists of the 1920s (PE13/149). It was a later iteration G. lub “fat, fat flesh” in Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s derived from primitive ᴱ✶lūpe (GL/55).
Neo-Sindarin: I think it is worth retaining these words for purposes of Neo-Sindarin as ᴺS. lûb “fat, (fat) flesh” from a Neo-Root ᴺ√LUP.
- ᴱN. thalf n. “grease”
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A noun appearing as ᴱN. thalf “grease” in Early Noldorin Word-lists of the 1920s, a derivative of primitive ᴱ✶stalqe (PE13/153). It is probably unrelated to similarly formed words like ᴱN. thala “valiant” and ᴱN. thalion “warrior hero” from the same document whose primitive forms begin with stalg- (PE13/153).
Neo-Sindarin: Since this word coexisted with ᴹ√STALAG derivatives in the 1920s, I would assume the same would be true in Tolkien’s later writing. Therefore I’d retain this word as ᴺS. thalph “grease” for purposes of Neo-Sindarin, revised to fit the phonology of later Sindarin and derived from some otherwise-obscure triconsonantal root.
5.64 Soup, Broth
- ᴱQ. sulpa n. “soup”
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A word appearing as ᴱQ. sulpa “soup” in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s derived from the early root ᴱ√SḶPḶ (QL/84).
Neo-Sindarin: This early root became ᴹ√SALAP “lick up” in The Etymologies of the 1930s (Ety/SÁLAP), but I assume the existence of a variant form ᴹ√SULUP “lap up” serving as the basis for words like 1948 ᴹQ. sulpa- “to lap up” (PE22/114). As such, I would preserve ᴺQ. sulpa “soup” for purposes of Neo-Quenya.
- N. salff n. “broth”
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A noun appearing as N. salff “broth” in The Etymologies of the 1930s derived from ON. salpha “liquid food, soup, broth” under the root ᴹ√SALAP “lick up” (Ety/SÁLAP; EtyAC/SÁLAP). In The Etymologies as published in The Lost Road the form was salf (LR/385), but Carl Hostetter and Patrick Wynne corrected this to salff in their Addenda and Corrigenda to the Etymologies (VT46/12).
Neo-Sindarin: For purposes of Neo-Sindarin I would update the spelling of this word to ᴺS. salph “broth”, as suggested in Hiswelókë’s Sindarin Dictionary (HSD).