10.26 to Shake
- ᴱQ. pampile n. “trembling”
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A word appearing as ᴱQ. pampile “trembling (n.)” in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s under the early root ᴱ√PAPA (QL/72).
Neo-Quenya: I retain ᴺQ. pampilë for purposes of Neo-Quenya along with many of the derivatives of the (Neo-Root) ᴺ√PAP.
- ᴱQ. pampilea adj. “tremulous”
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A word appearing as ᴱQ. pampila or [pamp]ilea “tremulous” in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s, adjective forms of ᴱQ. pampile “trembling (n.)” under the early root ᴱ√PAPA (QL/72).
Neo-Quenya: I retain ᴺQ. pampilëa for purposes of Neo-Quenya along with many of the derivatives of the (Neo-Root) ᴺ√PAP.
- ᴱQ. pampine n. “tremor, [minor] earthquake”
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A word appearing as ᴱQ. pampine “tremor” in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s under the early root ᴱ√PAPA (QL/72). In the contemporaneous Poetic and Mythological Words of Eldarissa it was glossed “earthquake” (PME/72).
Neo-Quenya: I retain ᴺQ. pampinë for purposes of Neo-Quenya along with many of the derivatives of the (Neo-Root) ᴺ√PAP, but I would use it only for a minor earthquake (a tremor), given the relatively weak sense of the base verb [ᴱQ.] pap- “tremble”.
- ᴱQ. papa- n. “to tremble”
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A verb in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s appearing as ᴱQ. papa- “tremble” under the early root ᴱ√PAPA (QL/72). The form pap also appeared in Early Qenya Word-lists of the 1920s, but in that document it was deleted without ever being defined (PE16/134).
Neo-Quenya: I retain ᴺQ. pap- “to tremble” for purposes of Neo-Quenya along with many of the derivatives of the (Neo-Root) ᴺ√PAP.
- ᴱQ. qasa- v. “to shake, flap, nod, ⚠️rustle”
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A verb appearing as ᴱQ. qasa- “shake, flap, nod, rustle” in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s under the early root ᴱ√QASA (QL/76). Tolkien gave it the past form qasse after which he marked “(intr.)”. This perhaps indicates there was a distinct transitive past (not given), or that the entire verb was intransitive.
Neo-Quenya: I retain ᴺQ. quas- “to shake, flap, nod” for purposes of Neo-Quenya, but assume it is based on a Neo-Root ᴺ√KWATH so that it retains the same modern form. Its classical form would be quaþ-. For “rustle” I would instead use [ᴱQ.] hyasta-.
- G. cwas- v. “to shake, wag, nod, flap”
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The verb G. cwas- “wag, shake, flap (tr.)” appeared in the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s (GL/28), clearly based on the early root ᴱ√QASA and cognate to ᴱQ. qasa- “shake, flap, nod, rustle” (QL/76). On another page in GL Tolkien had G. cwas- or cwath- glossed “shake, nod, wag. tr. & intr.”, and another verb G. cwathra- “shake (intr.)” (GL/28).
Neo-Sindarin: Since I retain ᴺQ. quas- “shake” for purposes of Neo-Quenya, I would adapt the above verbs for purposes of Neo-Sindarin as well. Fiona Jallings suggested ᴺS. pasta- in a 2021-03-04 conversation on the Vinyë Lambengolmor Discord Server (VLDS) with the usual Sindarin sound change of ancient kw to p, and I’ve adopted this verb form for the meanings “to shake, wag, nod, flap” as an updated version of G. cwas-.
- G. cwast n. “shaking”
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The noun G. cwast “shaking” appeared in the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s (GL/28), clearly based on the early root ᴱ√QASA and cognate to ᴱQ. qasa- “shake, flap, nod, rustle” (QL/76).
Neo-Sindarin: Since I retain ᴺQ. quas- “shake” for purposes of Neo-Quenya, I would retain this word for Neo-Sindarin as well, but adapted as ᴺS. past “shaking” with the usual Sindarin sound change of ancient kw to p.
- S. gir- v. “to shudder”
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The [Noldorin] infinitive form giri “shudder” appeared in The Etymologies of the 1930s under from the root ᴹ√GIR “quiver, shudder” (Ety/GIR). Tolkien’s continued use of the noun girith “shudder” in names like Nen Girith “Shuddering Water” (S/220; WJ/151) implies that gir- “shudder” remained valid in Sindarin of the 1950s and 60s as well.
- S. girith n. “shuddering; [N.] horror”
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This is a noun form of gir- “shudder”, most notably an element in names like Nen Girith “Shuddering Water” (S/220; WJ/151) and Girithron “December, *Shuddering-one” (LotR/1110; PM/136). In The Etymologies of the 1930s N. girith was glossed “shuddering, horror” under the root ᴹ√GIR “quiver, shudder” (Ety/GIR).
- ᴱN. gobab- v. “to shake”
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A verb appearing as go-bab “shake” in the Early Noldorin Grammar of the 1920s, base on (ancient?) ᴱN. pap and equivalent to ᴱQ. qasa- (PE13/132). I think pap is an ancient Noldorin form, since does it includes the ancient sound change whereby ancient kw [q] became p, but does not include the soft mutation of the second p to b.
In PE13, the editors suggested that the related Qenya verb might be ᴱQ. qapa- “chaffer, bargain, swap, barter” from the Qenya Lexicon of the 1920s (PE12/76), but I believe it is more likely to be ᴱQ. qap- “throb, flutter” from the Early Qenya Phonology of the 1920s (PE14/66), a document that was published a couple years after PE13. See also G. paptha- “tremble” from the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s (GL/63), a possible precursor based on the early root ᴱ√PAPA.
Neo-Sindarin: Since I retain ᴺ√PAP “tremble” as a Neo-Root, I would retain ᴺS. gobab- “to shake” based on that root rather than √KWAP. A possible alternative is ᴺS. pasta- “shake”; see that entry for details.
- G. paptha- v. “to tremble, quiver”
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A verb appearing in the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s as G. paptha- “tremble, quiver” (GL/63), clearly derived from the early root ᴱ√PAPA that was the basis for ᴱQ. papa- “tremble” (QL/72).
Neo-Sindarin: Since I retain ᴺ√PAP “tremble” as a Neo-Root, I would adapt this verb for purposes of Neo-Sindarin as ᴺS. potha- “to tremble, quiver”, with the Sindarin sound changes whereby apth vocalized to auth and then au became o as was usual in polysyllables.