12.82 Circle
- ᴹQ. corin n. “circular enclosure, [ᴱQ.] great circular hedge”
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A word in The Etymologies of the 1930s glossed “circular enclosure” under the root ᴹ√KOR “round” (Ety/KOR).
Conceptual Development: The Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s had ᴱQ. korin “a circular enclosure, esp. on a hill-top, a dun, tún, or burg; city on a hill”, based on the early root ᴱ√KORO “be round, roll” (QL/48). In the contemporaneous Lost Tales, Tolkien described korin as “a great circular hedge, be it of stone or of thorn or even of trees, that encloses a green sward” (LT1/16).
- Q. corto n. “circle”
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A word for “circle” appearing as an element in Tarmacorto “High Mountain Circle” (NM/351). It is probably based on √KOR “round”.
- ᴹQ. panda n. “enclosure”
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A word for “enclosure” in The Etymologies of the 1930s under the root ᴹ√PAD (Ety/PAD).
- ᴱQ. pirindea adj. “cylindrical”
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A word appearing in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s as ᴱQ. pirindea “cylindrical”, an adjectival form of ᴱQ. pirin (pirind-) “thin rod, pin” (QL/74).
Neo-Quenya: Since I retain ᴺQ. pirin “thin rod, pin”, I would retain ᴺQ. pirindëa “cylindrical” as well.
- ᴱQ. pirinumbe n. “cylinder (hollow)”
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A word appearing in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s as ᴱQ. pirinumbe “cylinder (hollow)”, an elaboration of ᴱQ. pirin (pirind-) “thin rod, pin” (QL/74).
Neo-Quenya: Since I retain ᴺQ. pirin “thin rod, pin”, I would retain ᴺQ. pirinumbë “cylinder (hollow)” as well.
- ᴹQ. rinde n. “circle”
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A word for “circle” in The Etymologies of the 1930s under the root ᴹ√RIN (Ety/RIN).
Conceptual Development: The Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s had ᴱQ. rinko “disc, circle, orb” under the early root ᴱ√RINI (QL/80). The contemporaneous Poetic and Mythological Words of Eldarissa had rinko “disc” (PME/80).
Neo-Quenya: For purposes of Neo-Quenya, I would use rindë for “circle” but [ᴺQ.] rinco for “disc”.
- S. cor n. “ring, circle”
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A word appearing as an element in Cormallen and translated as either “circle” or “ring” (RC/625). It is probably based on √KOR “round”.
Conceptual Development: The Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s had G. corm “a ring, or circle; a disc” with a deleted gloss “a globe” (GL/26), likely derived from the early root ᴱ√KORO.
Neo-Sindarin: For purposes of Neo-Sindarin, I would only use cor as an element in compounds like echor. For stand-alone words, I would use corod for “circle” and [ᴺS.] corf for “(finger) ring”.
- S. corod n. “circle”
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A word for “circle” appearing as liquid-mutated chorod in Orchorod “High [Mountain] Circle” (NM/351). It is probably based on √KOR “round”.
- S. echor n. and adj. “outer circle; encircling”
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A word for “outer circle” in names like S. Rammas Echor “Great Wall of the Outer Circle” (RC/512; SA/echor). It was also translated “encircling” as in Echoriath “Encircling Mountains” (RC/621; S/138). It is clearly a combination of ed “out” and cor “circle”.
- N. rhingorn n. “circle”
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A more elaborate word for “circle” in The Etymologies of the 1930s, appearing as N. rhingorn as a combination of N. rhinn “circle” and N. corn “round” (Ety/KOR; RIN).
Neo-Sindarin: Many Neo-Sindarin writers adapt this word as ᴺS. ringorn “circle” for purposes of Neo-Sindarin as suggested in Hiswelókë’s Sindarin Dictionary (HSD), since the unvoicing of initial r to rh was a feature of Noldorin of the 1930s but not Sindarin of the 1950s and 60s.
- N. rhinn n. “circle”
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A word appearing as N. rhind, rhinn “circle” in The Etymologies of the 1930s under the root ᴹ√RIN (Ety/RIN; EtyAC/RIN).
Neo-Sindarin: Many Neo-Sindarin writers adapt this word as ᴺS. rind “circle” for purposes of Neo-Sindarin as suggested in Hiswelókë’s Sindarin Dictionary (HSD), since the unvoicing of initial r to rh was a feature of Noldorin of the 1930s but not Sindarin of the 1950s and 60s. The final d is in keeping with the notion that “nd remained at the end of fully accented monosyllables” in Sindarin (LotR/1115).
Conceptual Development: Early Noldorin word-lists of the 1920s had ᴱN. rhim “ring, circle” derived from primitive ᴱ✶p’irimbe (PE13/152). The Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s had G. rinc glossed “(aj.) circular. (n.) disc, rondure” (GL/65), probably based on the early root ᴱ√RINI having to do with circles (QL/80).
- G. rod n. “tube, stem, *pipe”
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The Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s had G. rod “tube, stem” based on the early root ᴱ√roto “hollow” (GL/65; QL/80).
Neo-Quenya: In Tolkien’s later writings, √ROT still had similar meanings like “tunnel” (WJ/414; PM/365), so I would retain ᴺS. rod “tube, stem” for purposes of Neo-Sindarin, and use it for “*pipe” as well.
- G. rodrin adj. “cylindrical”
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The Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s had G. rodrin “cylindrical”, an adjectival form of G. rod “tube, stem” (GL/65).
Neo-Quenya: Since I retain ᴺS. rod “tube, stem” for purposes of Neo-Sindarin, I would retain this adjective as well, but adapted as ᴺS. rodren “cylindrical” to be more consistent with other Sindarin adjectives.