13.25 Fraction, Division
- Q. caista n. “one tenth”
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A word appearing as kaista or kast “1/10” in notes on numbers from the late 1960s, a combination of √KAYAN “ten” with the fractional suffix -sta.
Neo-Quenya: Since I prefer quëan for “ten”, I would use ᴺQ. quaista “one tenth” for purposes of Neo-Quenya as suggested by Helge Fauskanger (QQ/quaista).
Conceptual Development: The Early Qenya Grammar of the 1920s had ᴱQ. keatto or kesto “one tenth” with adjective forms ᴱQ. keatya or kestya (PE14/51, 84). All of these words were related to 1920s ᴱQ. kea “ten”.
- Q. ca(na)sta n. “one fourth, *quarter”
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A word appearing as kanasta, kasta, or kansat “1/4” in notes on numbers from the late 1960s, a combination of canta¹ “four” with the fractional suffix -sta.
Conceptual Development: The Early Qenya Grammar of the 1920s had ᴱQ. kantasto “quarter, [one] fourth” with adjective form ᴱQ. kantast(y)a (PE14/51, 84), combinations with the 1920s fractional suffix ᴱQ. -sto.
- ᴱQ. enqellume n. “*six times”
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A word appearing as ᴱQ. enqellume “*six times” in the Early Qenya Grammar of the 1920s, a combination of ᴱQ. enqe “six” and ᴱQ. -llume “times” (PE14/51, 84).
Neo-Quenya: Since both enquë “six” and ᴹQ. -llume “time” survive in Tolkien’s later writings, I would retain ᴺQ. enquellumë “six times” for purposes of Neo-Quenya.
- Q. enquesta n. “one sixth”
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A word appearing as enquesta “1/6” in notes on numbers from the late 1960s, a combination of enquë “six” with the fractional suffix -sta.
Conceptual Development: The Early Qenya Grammar of the 1920s had ᴱQ. enekto, enquetto, or enqesto “[one] 6th” with adjective forms ᴱQ. enektya, enquetya, or enqest(y)a (PE14/51, 84), combinations with the 1920s fractional suffix ᴱQ. -sto.
- ᴱQ. kantallumë n. “*four times”
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A word appearing as ᴱQ. kantallume “*four times” in the Early Qenya Grammar of the 1920s, a combination of ᴱQ. kanta “four” and ᴱQ. -llume “times” (PE14/51, 84).
Neo-Quenya: Since both canta “four” and ᴹQ. -llume “time” survive in Tolkien’s later writings, I would retain ᴺQ. cantallumë “four times” for purposes of Neo-Quenya.
- ᴱQ. keallumë n. “*ten times”
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A word appearing as ᴱQ. kellume or keallume “*ten times” in the Early Qenya Grammar of the 1920s, a combination of ᴱQ. kea “ten” and ᴱQ. -llume “times” (PE14/51, 84).
Neo-Quenya: Since I prefer quëan “ten” from Tolkien’s later writings, I would update this form to ᴺQ. quëallumë “ten times” for purposes of Neo-Quenya.
- ᴱQ. lemillumë n. “*five times”
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A word appearing as ᴱQ. lemillume “*five times” in the Early Qenya Grammar of the 1920s, a combination of ᴱQ. lemin “five” and ᴱQ. -llume “times” (PE14/51, 84). The Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s had ᴱQ. lemindea “quintuple” (QL/052).
Neo-Quenya: Since I prefer lempë “five” from Tolkien’s later writings, I would update this form to ᴺQ. lempellumë “five times, quintuple” for purposes of Neo-Quenya.
- Q. lepesta n. “one fifth”
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A word appearing as lepesta or lepsat “1/5” in notes on numbers from the late 1960s, a combination of √LEPEN “five” with the fractional suffix -sta.
Conceptual Development: The Early Qenya Grammar of the 1920s had ᴱQ. leminto “[one] 5th” with adjective form ᴱQ. {leminta >>} lemintya (PE14/51, 84), a combination of ᴱQ. lemin “five” with the 1920s fractional suffix ᴱQ. -nto/-sto.
- ᴱQ. minqellume n. “*eleven times”
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A word appearing as ᴱQ. minqellume “*eleven times” in the Early Qenya Grammar of the 1920s, a combination of ᴱQ. minqe “eleven” and ᴱQ. -llume “times” (PE14/51, 84).
Neo-Quenya: Since both minquë “eleven” and ᴹQ. -llume “time” survive in Tolkien’s later writings, I would retain ᴺQ. enquellumë “eleven times” for purposes of Neo-Quenya.
- Q. minquesta n. “*one eleventh”
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A word appearing as minquesta [“1/11”] in notes on numbers from the late 1960s, a combination of minquë “eleven” with the fractional suffix -sta.
Conceptual Development: The Early Qenya Grammar of the 1920s had ᴱQ. minqetto or minqesto “[one] 11th” with adjective forms ᴱQ. minqetya or minqest(y)a (PE14/51, 84), combinations with the 1920s fractional suffix ᴱQ. -sto.
- Q. ne(re)sta n. “one ninth”
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A word appearing as neresta, nesta, or nersat “1/9” in notes on numbers from the late 1960s, a combination of nertë “nine” with the fractional suffix -sta.
Conceptual Development: The Early Qenya Grammar of the 1920s had ᴱQ. huetto or huesto “[one] 9th” with adjective forms ᴱQ. huetya or huest(y)a (PE14/51, 84), combinations of ᴱQ. hue “nine” with the 1920s fractional suffix ᴱQ. -sto.
- Q. o(to)sta n. “one seventh”
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A word appearing as otosta, osta, or otsat “1/7” in notes on numbers from the late 1960s, a combination of otso “seven” with the fractional suffix -sta.
Conceptual Development: The Early Qenya Grammar of the 1920s had ᴱQ. otsotto or otsonto “[one] 7th” with adjective forms ᴱQ. otsotta or otsottya (PE14/51, 84), combinations with the 1920s fractional suffix ᴱQ. -tto/-nto/-sto.
- ᴱQ. otsollume n. “*seven times”
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A word appearing as ᴱQ. otsollume “*seven times” in the Early Qenya Grammar of the 1920s, a combination of ᴱQ. otso “seven” and ᴱQ. -llume “times” (PE14/51, 84).
Neo-Quenya: Since both otso “seven” and ᴹQ. -llume “time” survive in Tolkien’s later writings, I would retain ᴺQ. otsollumë “seven times” for purposes of Neo-Quenya.
- Q. to(lo)sta n. “one eighth”
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A word appearing as tolosta, tosta, or tolsat “1/8” in notes on numbers from the late 1960s, a combination of toldo “eight” with the fractional suffix -sta.
Conceptual Development: The Early Qenya Grammar of the 1920s had ᴱQ. toltosto “[one] 8th” with adjective form ᴱQ. toltost(y)a (PE14/51, 84), combinations of ᴱQ. tolto “eight” with the 1920s fractional suffix ᴱQ. -sto.
- ᴱQ. tuxanto n. “one hundredth”
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A word appearing in the Early Qenya Grammar of the 1920s as ᴱQ. tuksatto or tuksanto “[one] 100th” with adjective forms ᴱQ. tuksatya or tuksantya (PE14/51, 84), combinations of ᴱQ. tuksa “hundred” with the 1920s fractional suffix ᴱQ. -nto/-tto/-sto.
Neo-Quenya: For purposes of Neo-Quenya, I would update this word to ᴺQ. tuxasta using the later fractional suffix -sta, as suggested by Röandil in a 2021-07-13 post on the Vinyë Lambengolmor Discord Server (VLDS). Röandil also suggested its plural could be used to mean “percent” as in tuxastar toldo “eight one hundredths” = “eight percent (8%)”, with the usual Quenya word ordering of a number (toldo) following the noun (tuxastar) it modifies.
- Q. yunquesta n. “*one twelfth”
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A word appearing as yunquesta [“1/12”] in notes on numbers from the late 1960s, a combination of yunquë “twelve” with the fractional suffix -sta.
Conceptual Development: The Early Qenya Grammar of the 1920s had ᴱQ. yunqetto “[one] 12th” with adjective form ᴱQ. yunqetya (PE14/51), combinations with the 1920s fractional suffix ᴱQ. -tto/-sto.
- S. canath n. “quarter, *one fourth”
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A Sindarin word for a “quarter” [one fourth], also used as the name of a coin worth one fourth of a mirian (PM/45). The suffix -(a)th is likely related to the Quenya fractional suffix -sta; compare Q. canasta “one fourth”.