14.43 Dawn
- Q. ambarónë n. “dawn; [ᴹQ.] uprising, sunrise, Orient”
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A word for “dawn” serving as the basis for Ambaróna “Eastern (Land)” = “*of the dawn” (PE17/82; RC/385). It is a combination of amba “up” and (h)róna a noun from of “east” [originally = “*rising”]. In The Etymologies of the 1930s, this word appeared as ᴹQ. ambaron or Ambaróne “uprising, sunrise, Orient” under the root ᴹ√AM² “up” (Ety/AM²).
Conceptual Development: The Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s had ᴱQ. amunte “sun-rise (lifting)” under the early root ᴱ√AM(U) “up(wards)” (QL/30).
- ᴹQ. anaróre n. “sunrise”
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A word for “sunrise” in The Etymologies of the 1930s, a combination of ᴹQ. Anar “Sun” and ᴹQ. óre “rising” (Ety/ORO).
Conceptual Development: The Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s had ᴱQ. oronte “sun-rise” derived from either the early root ᴱ√OŘO [OÐO] having to do with dawn or ᴱ√ORO¹ having to do with rising (QL/70).
- ⚠️ᴹQ. ára n. “dawn, day”
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A word for “dawn” in The Etymologies of the 1930s under the root ᴹ√AR¹ “day” (Ety/AR¹). It has this same translation in contemporaneous notes on The Feanorian Alphabet from the 1930s (PE22/23), but in similar notes from the 1940s Tolkien changed the translation to “day” (PE22/47; PE22/52 note #193). Ara (with short a) was also “day” in Demonstrative, Relative, and Correlative Stems (DRC) from 1948 (PE23/109). In Tolkien’s later writings, “day” was aurë and “dawn” was was ambarónë.
- Q. tindómë n. “(starry) twilight, time near dawn, ⚠️[ᴹQ.] starlit dusk”
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A word for “twilight” that “most often referred to the time near [preceding] dawn” appearing in The Lord of the Rings appendices and contrasted with undómë for the twilight of dusk (LotR/1111). In The Etymologies of the 1930s ᴹQ. tindóme was glossed “starry twilight” or “starlit dusk” as a combination of ᴹ√TIN “sparkle” with ᴹ✶dōmi “twilight” (Ety/DOMO, TIN).
- S. amrûn n. “sunrise, east, [N.] Orient, (lit.) [of the] uprising”
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The Sindarin word for “sunrise”, more literally “of the uprising”, also used to mean “east” (LotR/1116, 1123; PE17/18, 91, 122). It is a combination of am “up” and rhûn “east” (Ety/AM², RŌ). The overlong vowel in the last syllable of amrûn is unusual and due to the influence of its second element rhûn “west” (LotR/1116 note #1). Like similarly formed annûn, I suspected it is stressed on its final syllable. I believe amrûn most generally means for “sunrise”, and when used for “east” it means “the East” as a location, as opposed to a direction which is rhûn.
Conceptual Development: N. amrûn first appeared in The Etymologies of the 1930s, already with the derivation given above but glossed “uprising, sunrise, Orient” (Ety/AM²) or “east” (Ety/RŌ).
There was a similar word ᴱN. amrost “rising, sunrise” in Early Noldorin wordlists (PE13/137, 159). The Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s had G. am(b)ros(t) “dawn” as a combination of G. am “up” and rost “ascent” (GL/19).
- S. minuial n. “(dawn) twilight”
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Sindarin equivalent of Q. tindómë “(dawn) twilight”, a combination of min “one” and uial “twilight”, so more literally “*first twilight”.
Conceptual Development: The Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s had G. nuimath or nuimoth “second twilight, first signs of dawn” as a combination of G. nui “after” and G. math “dusk” (GL/61). The word obromath had the same meaning as “the twilight that follows the night”, but with the prefix G. obra “next behind or after”. Compare S. aduial “*again twilight” from Tolkien’s later writings, but this word referred to the time after sunset rather than before sunrise.