10.82 Sailor Q. ciryamo n. “mariner” A word for a “mariner” in the title Indis i·Ciryamo “The Mariner’s Wife” (UT/8), a combination of cirya “ship” with the agental suffix -mo. Conceptual Development: The Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s had ᴱQ. veniel “mariner” as an elaboration of ᴱQ. vene “small boat”
Select Elvish Words 10.81: Ship
10.81 Ship Q. cirya n. “(sharp-prowed) ship, ⚠️[ᴹQ.] boat; [Q.] swift gliding” Cirya has been the Quenya word for “ship” for much of Tolkien’s life, and is very well-attested with this meaning. ᴱQ. kirya “ship” first appeared in the Early Qenya Grammar of the 1920s (PE14/46, 79) and in the
Select Elvish Words 10.75-10.78: Cart, Wheel, Axle, Yoke
10.75 Cart, Wagon, Carriage Q. lunca n. “heavy transport wain” A word for a “heavy transport wain” in notes from the late 1960s with variant forms lunka and luqa, both derived from primitive ✶lukma [“*drag-thing”] based on the root √LUK “haul, drag” (PE17/28). The form lunka [lunca] shows metathesis of
Select Elvish Words 10.73-10.74: Street, Bridge
10.73 Street ᴹQ. malle n. “street, (made or stone) road” A word for “street” appearing in Tolkien’s writings of the 1910s-40s. ᴱQ. malle “street” first appeared [albiet marked with “?”] in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s under the early root ᴱ√MALA¹ “crush, squeeze, pulp” (QL/58), and in early names
Select Elvish Words 10.72: Path
10.72 Path Q. men n. “way, *direction; [ᴹQ.] place, spot [in compounds only]” A noun or word element, most notably appearing in the four cardinal directions formen, hyarmen, númen, and rómen, which Christopher Tolkien translated as “way” in The Silmarillion appendix (SA/men). This is consistent with the later meaning of
Select Elvish Words 10.71: Road
10.71 Road ᴱQ. aldeon n. “avenue (of trees)” A word appearing as ᴱQ. aldeon (aldeond-) “avenue of trees” in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s based on ᴱQ. alda “tree” (QL/29). In the contemporaneous Poetic and Mythological Words of Eldarissa it was simply glossed “avenue”. Neo-Quenya: Since alda “tree” remains
Select Elvish Words 10.66-10.67: to Ride; to Push, Shove
10.66 to Ride ᴱQ. lehesta v. “ride, riding, raid” A noun appearing as ᴱQ. lehesta “riding, raid” in the Early Qenya Grammar of the 1920s (PE14/45, 75). In the contemporaneous English-Qenya Dictionary, it was lehesta or lehtasta “ride” based on the verb ᴱQ. lehe or lehta “ride” (PE16/132). Neo-Quenya: For
10.645 to Wander, Stray
10.645 to Wander, Stray ᴹQ. mista- v. “to stray about” A verb in The Etymologies of the 1930s glossed “stray about” derived from the root ᴹ√MIS “go free, stray, wander” (Ety/MIS). ᴹQ. ráne n. “straying, wandering” A noun [probably] in The Etymologies of the 1930s glossed “straying, wandering” derived from
Select Elvish Words 10.63-10.64: to Send; to Lead
10.63 to Send Q. lelta- v. “to send, *(lit.) cause to go” A verb for “send” appearing in its past form in the phrase yenna leltanelyes “to whom you sent him” in notes from the late 1960s (VT47/21). The word in the sentence is the 2nd-sg-polite past form with a
Select Elvish Words 10.61-10.62: to Bear, Carry; to Bring
10.61 to Bear, Carry Q. col- v. “to bear, *carry, wear” A verb for “to bear” implied by the existence of the root √KOL “bear, carry, wear” (PE17/158; PE22/155), as well as verbal nouns like colindo “bearer” (LotR/953), cólima “bearable” (PE22/155) and coloitë “capable of bearing” (PE22/155). Neo-Quenya: The use