4.86 to Cure, Heal
- Q. envinyata- v. “to renew, heal, *restore”
- A verb for “to renew, heal” implied by the names Q. Envinyatar “Renewer” (LotR/1110) and Q. Arda Envinyanta “Arda Healed” (MR/405). It is a combination of en- “re-”, vinya “new”, and the causative suffix -ta, so literally “*to make new again”. Hence “renew” or “*restore” is probably a more accurate translation than “heal”.
- Q. hasa- [þ] v. “to treat (medically), (help to) cure; to treat kindly, make easy”
- A verb in notes from 1969 given as haþa- and translated “treat kindly/make easy, (help to) cure” or just “treat (medically)”, derived from the root √HATH (PE22/166 notes #109-110). After þ > s in Quenya, it would be pronounce hasa-.
- S. athae n. and adj. “*healing”
- A word appearing as an element in athelas “kingsfoil”, derived from primitive ✶aþayā based on the root √ATH “ease, comfort, heal” (PE17/49, 148). In the context of the compound athelas Tolkien represented it as athe, which is probably an example of how ae sometimes became e in polysyllables. The word athae may mean something like “*healing”, and may be a noun or adjective or both. In notes from 1969 Tolkien said the Sindarin word was borrowed from Quenya, even though the related herbs were native to Middle-earth, since they was first discovered by the Noldor (PE22/166). It is unclear how this aligns with Aragorn’s statement that athelas was “a healing plant that the Men of the West brought to Middle-earth” (LotR/198); perhaps the herb was discovered in Beleriand, then given to the Men of Númenor who then spread it to the rest of Middle-earth.
- S. athra- v. “to treat medically”
- A Sindarin verb appearing in rough notes from 1969 as {garthra, garthur >>} arthra, arthur “to treat medically” derived from √HATH “treat kindly/make easy, (help to) cure”, where last few characters of the second form {g}arthur are unclear (PE22/166 note #109-110). The removal of the initial g may reflect uncertainty on the primitive form or the exact Sindarin phonetic developments, or possibly both.
- N. nesta- v. “to heal”
- A verb implied by N. nestad “healing” in Bair Nestad “Houses of Healing” from Lord of the Rings drafts of the 1940s (WR/380).
- N. nestad n. “nestad”
- A noun for “healing” in Bair Nestad “Houses of Healing” from Lord of the Rings drafts of the 1940s, along with a variant form nestedrui (WR/380).
4.87 Physician
- Q. asarta v. “asarta”
- A word for “leech, doctor” in rough notes from 1969 given as aþarta, asartar, where the second word is hard to read and might be a plural form (PE22/166 notes #110). Slightly above this Tolkien had {aþumo >>} Q. aþar(o) “doctor, leech”. These words appear in the context of a discussion of the root √HATHA > Q. haþa- “to treat (medically)”, but given the lack of initial h these “doctor” words may instead be derived from the associated root √ATHA “be willing, agree; assist”, which appeared in the same set of pages (PE22/166 notes #109). Alternately, they may reflect vacillations on Tolkien’s part for the primitive developments for these words.
Neo-Quenya: For purposes of Neo-Quenya, I would assume these “doctor” words result from a blending of √HATH and √ATH, aided by words like the healing herb asëa. After the change of þ > s, they would be pronounced asarta and asar(o).