9.66 Copper, Bronze
- Q. calarus (calarust-) n. “polished copper”
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A noun for “polished copper” in notes from the late 1960s as a combination of cala “light” with urus(t)- “copper” (VT41/10).
- ᴱQ. kalas (kalass-) n. “brass”
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A noun appearing as ᴱQ. kalas (kalass-) “brass” in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s under the early root ᴱ√KALA¹ “shine golden” (QL/44).
Neo-Quenya: Since the root √KAL survives in Tolkien’s later writings, I would retain ᴺQ. calas (calass-) “brass” for purposes of Neo-Quenya.
- ᴱQ. kalassina adj. “brazen, *made of brass”
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A word appearing as ᴱQ. kalaska or [kal]assina “brazen” in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s, adjectival forms of ᴱQ. kalas (kalass-) “brass” under the early root ᴱ√KALA¹ “shine golden” (QL/44).
Neo-Quenya: Since the root √KAL survives in Tolkien’s later writings, I would retain ᴺQ. calassina “brazen, *made of brass” for purposes of Neo-Quenya.
- Q. lairus (lairust-) n. “verdigris”
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A noun for “verdigris” [blue-green copper oxidation] in notes from the late 1960s a combination of laica “green” with urus(t)- “copper” (VT41/10).
- ᴱQ. tambe (tambi-) n. “bronze, ⚠️copper”
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A noun appearing as ᴱQ. tambe “copper, bronze” in the Qenya Lexicon and Poetic and Mythological Words of Eldarissa based on the early root ᴱ√TAMA “beat; smelt, forge” (QL/88).
Neo-Quenya: For purposes of Neo-Quenya I would retain ᴺQ. tambë for “bronze”, but would use the later word Q. urus for “copper”.
- ᴱQ. tambina adj. “of bronze, ⚠️[ᴱQ.] of copper”
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A word appearing as ᴱQ. tambina “of copper” in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s, adjectival form of ᴱQ. tambe “copper, bronze” under the early root ᴱ√KALA¹ “shine golden” (QL/44).
Neo-Quenya: Since I use ᴺQ. tambë only for “bronze” for purposes of Neo-Quenya, I would use ᴺQ. tambina as “of bronze” while for “of copper” I would use ᴺQ. urusta.
- Q. urus (urust-) n. “copper”
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A noun for “copper” in notes from the late 1960s based on the root √(u)rus (VT41/10).
Conceptual Development: The Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s had ᴱQ. tambe “copper, bronze” under the early root ᴱ√TAMA “beat; smelt, forge” in the contemporaneous Qenya Lexicon (QL/88).
Neo-Quenya: For purposes of Neo-Quenya, I would retain ᴺQ. tambë with the meaning of “bronze”, but would use the later word urus for “copper”.
- S. rust n. “copper”
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A noun for “copper” in notes from the late 1960s based on the root √(u)rus (VT41/10).
Conceptual Development: The Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s had G. tăm “copper” (GL/69), clearly the cognate of ᴱQ. tambe “copper, bronze” under the early root ᴱ√TAMA “beat; smelt, forge” in the contemporaneous Qenya Lexicon (QL/88).
- S. rustui n. “copper, *of copper, like copper”
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An adjectival form of rust “copper” in notes from the late 1960s (VT41/10).
Conceptual Development: The Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s had G. tambin “of copper” and G. tambrin “like copper”, both based on G. tăm “copper” (GL/69).