12.61 Wide, Broad
- Q. landa adj. “wide, [ᴱQ.] broad”
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A word for “wide” appearing as an element in the compound landanóre “wide country” in the 1958 poem Löa Yucainen. ᴹQ. landa “wide” also appeared in The Etymologies of the 1930s under the root ᴹ√LAD (Ety/LAD).
Conceptual Development: ᴱQ. landa “wide, broad” appeared all the way back in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s where it was derived from the early root ᴱ√LAŘA [LAÐA] (QL/51). In this document it also had an augmented form alanda of the same meaning (QL/34, 51), and this augmented alanda appeared in the contemporaneous Poetic and Mythological Words of Eldarissa with the gloss “wide” (PME/34).
- Q. palda adj. “wide, broad, *expansive”
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An adjective glossed “wide, broad” in notes from the late 1960s, derived from ✶palnā and related to adverb Q. palan “far and wide” (VT47/8).
Conceptual Development: The Etymologies of the 1930s had ᴹQ. palla “wide, expansive” under the root ᴹ√PAL “wide (open)” (Ety/PAL), which presumably was derived from *pallā.
- Q. yána adj. “wide, vast, huge”
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An adjective glossed “vast, huge” or “wide” derived from the root √YAN and cognate to S. iaun, appearing in various explanations of the Sindarin suffixes -ion and -ian(d) appearing in Sindarin land names (PE17/99, 115).
Conceptual Development: Some variants of the adjective yána appeared in Tolkien’s later writings: Q. yanda as a variant of yána (PE17/115) and Q. yonda “wide, extensive” in a paradigm where the root was √YŎNO rather than √YAN (PE17/43).
The Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s had ᴱQ. ’yanta “large” under the early root ᴱ√DẎṆTṆ (QL/106). The adjective yanta reappeared in the English-Qenya Dictionary of the 1920s with the gloss “great”, but was eventually deleted in that document (PE15/69).
- S. iaun adj. “wide, extensive, large, roomy, vast, huge”
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An adjective glossed “large, extensive, wide” (PE17/42), “roomy, wide, extensive” (PE17/42), or “vast, huge” (PE17/99) that Tolkien used to explain the suffix -ion seen in names like Eregion and Nanduhirion. It was derived from primitive ✶yānā based on the root √YAN, where the ancient long ā became au. It seems this adjective was sometimes used as a suffix meaning “*wideness, region”, and as a suffix the au reduced to o as was generally the case in polysyllables.
Conceptual Development: Tolkien had some variations of this adjective in a few places in his writings. In one place he had iand derived from √YAN or √YAD “wide” as an explanation for suffix -iand also seen in land names (PE17/115). In another he explained -ion as a blend of √YŎNO “wide, extensive” and √YOD “fence, enclose” (PE17/43), where presumably the adjective Sindarin for “wide” was *iond as a cognate of Q. yonda “wide, roomy, extensive” (PE17/43).
- S. land adj. and n. “wide, broad; [N.] open space, level”
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A Sindarin word for “broad” or “wide” appearing in names like Landroval “Broad Winged” (S/123) and Lothlann “Wide and Empty” (S/123).
Conceptual Development: This adjective has a long history in Tolkien’s conception of the Elvish languages. G. land or lann “broad” appeared in Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s (GL/52), clearly cognate to ᴱQ. landa “wide, broad” as suggested by Christopher Tolkien (LT1A/Nori Landar) and thus likely derived to the early root ᴱ√LAŘA [LAÐA] (QL/34). ᴱN. lhann “broad” appeared in Early Noldorin Word-lists where it was derived from ᴱ✶plandá (PE13/148).
The Etymologies of the 1930s had noun N. lhand “open space, level” (Ety/LAT) and adjective N. lhann “wide” (Ety/LAD), both derived from the root ᴹ√LAD “lie flat, be flat”. In drafts of Lord of the Rings appendixes, Noldorin lhann was used in Gondor for “the divisions of the realm, such as Anorien, Ithilien, Lebennin”, equivalent to Westron sūza “shire” (PM/45), but note Trann “Shire” [mutated Drann] from the King’s Letter (SD/129).
Neo-Sindarin: For purposes of Neo-Sindarin, I would used land as both an adjective “wide, broad” and a noun for an “open space, level”, but for “shire” I would use Trann.
- N. pann adj. “wide”
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An adjective in The Etymologies of the 1930s glossed “wide” derived from primitive ᴹ✶patnā under the root ᴹ√PAT (Ety/PAT).