12.91 Equal, Alike
- ᴱQ. aryúlima adj. “equal, equivalent”
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A Quenya word appearing as ᴱQ. aryúlima in the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s given as the cognate to G. argulthion “equal, equivalent” (GL/20), clearly based on ᴱQ. yulu- “carry” (GL/38) and meaning something like “*beside-bear-able”.
Neo-Quenya: For purposes of Neo-Quenya, I would update this word to be based on later col- “to bear, carry”, and thus: ᴺQ. arcólima “equivalent, (lit.) beside-bear-able”.
- Q. im- pref. “same”
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A prefix for “same” appearing in notes from around 1969 as in the adjective imya “same, identical, selfsame”, also used in reflexive pronouns like imni “myself” (VT47/37).
Conceptual Development: In Demonstrative, Relative, and Correlative Stems (DRC) from 1948, Tolkien used ᴹQ. on- “the same (oneness, uniqueness), identical” in various correlative forms (PE23/100).
Neo-Quenya: For purposes of Neo-Quenya, I would update the on-correlatives from 1948 to be im-correlatives.
- Q. imma pron. “same, self-same, same thing”
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A pronoun for the “same thing”, also usable as an impersonal reflexive pronoun meaning “same, self-same”, with a variant form imba (VT47/37-38). It is a combination of im- “same” and ma¹ “thing”.
Conceptual Development: Demonstrative, Relative, and Correlative Stems (DRC) from 1948 had ᴹQ. ona “that identical fact” based on ᴹQ. on- “same”, usable only of abstract facts and notions rather than functioning as a true neutral pronoun; originally it was {alapa “the same thing”} (PE23/104 and note #56). Elsewhere in the document Tolkien initially said these forms could also be adjectives, before deciding the proper adjective form was ᴹQ. onya (PE23/104 and note #70).
- Q. immo pron. “same one (person), self”
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A pronoun for the “same one [person], self” in notes from 1969, also functioning as a personal reflexive pronoun (VT47/37; VT49/21), in one place given as imme (VT47/38). It is a combination of im- “same” and mo “someone”. It appeared in initial drafts of the Ambidexters Sentence from around this time: an ke mo querne immo numenna “*for if one turned oneself towards the West…” (VT49/6). This word is also mentioned in 1969 notes on the definite article, where it had the gloss “the same person” and replaced more ancient *imo (PE23/135).
Conceptual Development: Demonstrative, Relative, and Correlative Stems (DRC) from 1948 had ᴹQ. one “the same person” based on ᴹQ. on- “same”, originally given as {alare >> alware >> alasse} (PE23/103 and note #44).
- Q. imya adj. “same, identical, self-same”
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An adjective for the “same, identical, self-same” based on im- “same” in notes from 1969 (VT47/37-38). This word is also mentioned in notes on the definite article from around the same time (PE23/134).
Conceptual Development: Demonstrative, Relative, and Correlative Stems (DRC) from 1948 had ᴹQ. onya “the same, the identical” based on ᴹQ. on- “same” (PE23/106). The Early Qenya Grammar (EQG) had ᴱQ. inqa “same” (PE14/51), a word that also appeared in the Qenya Lexicon (QL) of the 1910s under the early root ᴱ√IMI¹ “same, alike” (QL/42). QL also had some longer variants: ᴱQ. iminqa and ᴱQ. inqavīka “exactly alike, identical”.
- G. argulthion adj. “equal, equivalent”
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A word appearing in the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s given as G. argulthion “equal, equivalent” combining G. ar- “beside” and G. gultha- “bear up” (GL/20, 38), so meaning something like “*beside-bear-able”.
Neo-Sindarin: For purposes of Neo-Sindarin, I would update the word to ᴺQ. asgolui “equivalent, (lit.) beside-bear-able” based on later √AS “beside” and √KOL “bear”.
- G. feleg adj. “equal”
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A noun appearing as G. feleg in the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s glossed {“probable, likely” >>} “equal”, an adjective form of G. fel “like” (GL/34).
Neo-Sindarin: Since I update G. fel to ᴺS. bîl “likeness, similarity”, I would update feleg to ᴺS. bíleb “equal”. I would further assume it means “equal but not identical, of the same nature or value”.