12.925 Different, Other
- ⚠️ᴹQ. aia- pref. “other, different (of larger numbers)”
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A prefix for “other, different” appearing in Demonstrative, Relative, and Correlative Stems (DRC) from 1948 (PE23/99). Tolkien considered several prior forms on the page where it appeared: {asta} >> {aia < asya} >> aia < ᴹ√AYA (PE23/99 note #27). Earlier drafts had {ar} (PE23/101 note #36) >> {ap-, apana-} >> {war- < gwar-} (PE23/102 note #36). Forms appearing in the rest of the document mostly showed {war(a)-} >> ai(a)-.
Neo-Quenya: For purposes of Neo-Quenya, I would use later hya- as the basis for “other” words, as with (pron.) hya “other thing” and (adj.) hyana “other” (VT49/14).
- ⚠️ᴹQ. ai(a)na pron. “anything else, some other matter, a different matter”
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Demonstrative, Relative, and Correlative Stems (DRC) from 1948 had a set of neuter/abstract pronominal forms for the “other [thing]”. A rejected draft of the pronominal section first had {arya} “something else” (PE23/103 note #40). In the revised page Tolkien first gave apa, apana “another matter; quite a different matter”, revised to assa, astana and finally aiana, aina, with the gloss revised to “anything else; some other matter; a different matter” (PE23/104 and note #54). In this document, the neuter pronouns referred only to abstract facts; for concrete objects the personal pronoun ᴹQ. aiane was used.
DRC also had a set of adjective forms that underwent similar changes (PE23/105 and note #68). Tolkien first had apa, apana “other, quite different”. Tolkien revised this into two separate adjective forms warya “other, different” and warya, warimma “any other”. The first adjective was revised to asta, aia, then asta was deleted. The second adjective became aiana and its gloss was changed to “alien, strange, any other”, with a hard-to-read variant astana that was deleted. Later in the same document Tolkien had {arima or estima “of other kind” (PE23/106 note #80) >> warya, warima “of other sort” >>} aiana (aia) “of another sort, other” and aianima “of other sort” PE23/107 and note #89).
The full development seems to be {arya >> apa(na) >> warya >> assa, asta(na) >>} aia(na) used as both adjectives and (neuter/abstact) pronouns, with {arima/estima >> warimma >>} ᴹQ. aianima meaning “of other sort” (see that entry for details).
See the entry ᴹQ. aia(na) for references to the adjective forms from DRC. See the entry Q. hyana for a discussion of adjective forms in other conceptual periods with similar meaning.
- ᴹQ. etwe pron. “the other (of two)”
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A pronoun appearing as {waratwe >> atware >>} etwe for “the other (of two)” in Demonstrative, Relative, and Correlative Stems (DRC) from 1948 (PE23/107 and note #85). It had an adjective form ᴹQ. {atwara >>} etwa also meaning “other (of two)”, but sometimes used to mean “second” [presumably of two items]. The adjective etwa could also be used as a conjunction meaning “or else”, as in *nai cenuva Gandalf etwe Galadriel “may we see Gandalf or else Galadriel”.
Conceptual Development: The Early Qenya Grammar of the 1920s had masculine and feminine pronouns ᴱQ. etyo and [ety]e “other”, also glossed “alter” which means “other (of two)” in Latin (PE14/55 and PE14/56 note #97). It had an adjective form ᴱQ. etya (PE14/48, 55), which could also be used to refer to the second of two items as opposed to more ordinary ᴱQ. potsina “second” (PE14/51, 82).
- Q. hyana adj. “other, *another [a different one]”
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An adjective for “other” in notes from 1968 or later, derived from primitive ✶khyana (VT49/14).
Neo-Quenya: For purposes of Neo-Quenya I would use hyana for “other” and also “an other” or “another” in the sense “a different one”, as opposed to “another” = “one more” for which I would use enta (see below). For example: cennen hyana elda “I saw another elf [different from the one previously discussed]” vs. á anta enta “give me another [one more]”. Saying á anta hyana would mean “give me another [a different one]”.
Conceptual Development: A different note from the late 1960s had exa “other” based on the root √KES (VT47/40). This same note had enta “another: in sense one more (not except by implication ‘another different one’)”, so presumable exa “other” had the sense “another different one”. Notes on Demonstrative, Relative, and Correlative Stems (DRC) from 1948 had ᴹQ. aia(na) “other, different”, also meaning “alien, strange, any other” (PE23/105). It had quite a few rejected variants; see the discussion in the entry on the related pronoun ᴹQ. ai(a)na for discussion.
The Early Qenya Grammar of the 1920s had ᴱQ. nyanya “other (general)” with the additional gloss “alter”, which is Latin for “another, other (of many)” according to Carl Hostetter and Bill Welden (PE14/55 and PE14/56 note #97). The Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s ᴱQ. vāra “other” under the early root ᴱ√VARA (QL/100).
- ᴱQ. varya adj. “different”
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A word appearing as ᴱQ. varya “different” in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s, related to ᴱQ. vāra “other” under the early root ᴱ√VARA (QL/100).
Neo-Quenya: The later word for “other” is hyana, so I would update the early adjective varya to ᴺQ. hyanya “different” and would use it for “strange, unusual” as well. Tamas Ferencz instead suggested ᴺQ. aia “strange, unusual” based on [ᴹQ.] aiano “stranger” as published in PE22, but PE23 revealed that the base aia- meant “other”, and I believe this element was replaced by hya in Tolkien’s later writings.
- G. elc adv. and n. “else, something else”
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A word appearing as G. elc “else, something else” in the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s related to G. eleg “other, else” (GL/32).
Neo-Sindarin: Since I update G. eleg to ᴺS. egel “other” for purposes of Neo-Sindarin, I would revise elc to ᴺS. egol “else, something else”.
- G. eleg adj. “other, else”
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A word appearing as G. eleg {“single, only, unique” >>} “other, else” in the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s based on G. el “or” (GL/32).
Neo-Sindarin: Elaran suggested updating this word to ᴺS. egel based on the later root √HEK “separate” and inspired by S. egor “or”. Elaran gave egel the gloss “other”, and I would also use it for “an other” or “another” for purposes of Neo-Sindarin. Roman Rausch instead suggested ᴺS. eithor “other, another” based on S. eithro “also”.
- G. elegrin adj. “different, strange”
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A word appearing as G. elegrin {“singular, unique” >>} “different, strange” in the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s based on G. eleg {“single, only, unique” >>} “other, else” (GL/32). It was accompanied by G. elfel {“unique, unparalled” >>} “different, like something else”.
Neo-Sindarin: Since I update G. eleg to ᴺS. egel “other” for purposes of Neo-Sindarin, I would revise both these adjectives to to ᴺS. egelren “different, strange”.
- S. sennui adv. “?rather, instead, thisly”
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An untranslated word in the phrase i sennui Panthael estathar aen “who should be called Fullwise” from the King’s Letter. David Salo suggested it might mean “*rather, instead”, as in “who [rather] should be called Fullwise” (GS/285). It also might be related to sen “this”, and could mean something like “*thisly” = “*thus”.