12.93 to Change
- Q. ahya- v. “to change”
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A verb for “to change” appearing in notes from the 1950s implied by its past tense form ahyanë “did change” in the phrase manen lambë Quendion ahyanë “How did the language of the Elves change?” (PM/395).
- Q. valwistë [w] n. “change of mind”
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A noun appearing as walwiste “change of mind” in Quenya Notes (QN) from 1957, a combination of walme “emotion” and viste “change” (PE17/189). In keeping with later Quenya pronunciation, I would update this to valwiste instead; see the entry on [w] for discussion.
- Q. virya- v. “to change [self], alternate”
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An intransitive verb meaning “change [self], alternate” based on the root √WIS “change” (PE17/189, 191). For change of others, use transitive vista-.
One form of this word, wirnë (PE17/191), is unclear in function. It is glossed “change” and could be a noun. However, it almost identical in form to the strong-past virne of virya- attested on PE17/189. It seems likelier to me that this is the archaic form of the strong-past tense from before the change of ✶w- to v-.
Evidence elsewhere suggests the noun form of “change” is vistë; see that entry for discussion.
- Q. vista- v. “to change [something]”
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A transitive verb meaning “change [something]” based on the root √WIS “change” (PE17/189, 191).
- Q. vistë n. “change”
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This word is unattested, but there is indirect evidence for it as an element of walwistë “change of mind” (PE17/189). This word likely contains the archaic form †wistë from before the change of w- to v-. Its modern form would be *vistë. If you accept inwist- as the stem form of inwis “change of mind”, it likely contains †wistë as well.
There is another attested word wirnë with the gloss “change” (PE17/191), but I think it is likelier to be the archaic form of the strong-past tense of the verb virya- instead of a noun.
- G. bart n. “change”
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A word appearing as G. bart¹ “change” in the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s (GL/22), clearly based on the early root ᴱ√vṛt (QL/102).
Neo-Sindarin: For purposes of Neo-Sindarin, I instead use ᴺS. gwist “change” based on the later root √WIS “change, alter”.
- G. bartha- v. “to change, exchange, alter”
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A word appearing as G. bartha- “change, exchange, alter” in the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s, a verb form of G. bart¹ “change” (GL/22). Tolkien indicated its later form was {barta-}, but then deleted this.
Neo-Sindarin: Since I use ᴺS. gwist “change” for purposes of Neo-Sindarin, I would update this verb to S. gwista- “to change, alter, vary”.
- G. bridol adj. “changing, varying, variable”
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A word appearing as G. bridol “changing, varying, variable” in the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s based on the early root ᴱ√vṛt (GL/24).
Neo-Sindarin: Since I use ᴺS. gwist “change” for purposes of Neo-Sindarin, I would update this adjective to S. gwistol “changing, varying, variable”.
- G. brigli n. “variation”
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A word appearing as G. brigli “variation” in the Gnomish Lexicon based on the early root ᴱ√vṛt (GL/24).
Neo-Sindarin: Since I use ᴺS. gwista- “to change, vary” for purposes of Neo-Sindarin, I would update this noun to S. gwistanneth “variation”; compare N. prestanneth “mutation”.
- N. presta- v. “to affect, trouble, disturb”
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A verb in The Etymologies of the 1930s appearing in its [Noldorin] infinitive form presto “to affect, trouble, disturb” under the root ᴹ√PERES “affect, disturb, alter” (Ety/PERES). In their Addenda and Corrigenda to the Etymologies, Carl Hostetter and Patrick Wynne indicated it had a fourth, deleted gloss “concern” (EtyAC/PERES).
- N. prestannen adj. “affected (of vowels), mutated”
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An adjective in The Etymologies of the 1930s glossed “affected (of vowels), mutated” based on N. presta- “to affect, trouble, disturb” (Ety/PERES).
- N. prestanneth n. “affection (of vowels), mutation”
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A noun in The Etymologies of the 1930s glossed “affection (of vowels), mutation” based on N. presta- “to affect, trouble, disturb” (Ety/PERES).