13.15 Much, Many (Sindarin)
- N. lhae n. “great number”
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A word in The Etymologies of the 1930s appearing as N. lhae “great number” derived from primitive ᴹ✶lai- which was an a-fortified form of the root ᴹ√LI “many” (EtyAC/LI).
Neo-Sindarin: Many Neo-Sindarin writers adapt this word as ᴺS. lae “great number” for purposes of Neo-Sindarin as suggested in Hiswelókë’s Sindarin Dictionary (HSD), since the unvoicing of initial l to lh was a feature of Noldorin of the 1930s but not Sindarin of the 1950s and 60s.
Conceptual Development: Early Noldorin word-lists of the 1920s had {lhî “folk” >>} ᴱN. lhí “many, a number” from primitive ᴱ✶lē (PE13/148).
- N. lhaew adj. “frequent, many”
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The Etymologies of the 1930s had N. lhaew “frequent, many” derived from primitive ᴹ✶lai- which was an a-fortified form of the root ᴹ√LI “many” (EtyAC/LI).
Neo-Sindarin: Many Neo-Sindarin writers adapt this word as ᴺS. laew “great number” for purposes of Neo-Sindarin as suggested in Hiswelókë’s Sindarin Dictionary (HSD), since the unvoicing of initial l to lh was a feature of Noldorin of the 1930s but not Sindarin of the 1950s and 60s.
Conceptual Development: The Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s had G. odrim “(very) many” related to G. odog “mighty, great; violent, excessive, exceeding; very” (GL/62).
- N. ovor adj. “abundant”
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A word for “abundant” in The Etymologies of the 1930s derived from primitive ᴹ✶ubrā under the root ᴹ√UB “abound” (Ety/UB). There is some evidence that √UB >> √UM in Tolkien’s later writings (VT48/32), but that conceivably could still produce ovor < umrā.
Conceptual Development: Early Noldorin word-lists of the 1920s had ᴱN. odog “much, abundant” (PE13/151), which in the contemporaneous Early Noldorin Grammar was glossed “large in quantity, much, abundant” (PE13/125). The Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s had G. odog “mighty, great; violent, excessive, exceeding; very” (GL/62).
- N. ovra- v “to abound”
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A verb appearing in The Etymologies of the 1930s in its [Noldorin] infinitive form ovro “to abound” based on the root ᴹ√UB “abound” (Ety/UB). There is some evidence that √UB >> √UM in Tolkien’s later writings (VT48/32), but that conceivably could still produce ovra- < umrā-.
- N. rhem adj. “frequent, numerous”
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N. rhem “frequent, numerous” appeared in The Etymologies of the 1930s, derived from primitive ᴹ✶rimbā under the root ᴹ√RIM (Ety/RIM).
Neo-Sindarin: Many Neo-Sindarin writers adapt this word as ᴺS. rem “great number” for purposes of Neo-Sindarin as suggested in Hiswelókë’s Sindarin Dictionary (HSD), since the unvoicing of initial r to rh was a feature of Noldorin of the 1930s but not Sindarin of the 1950s and 60s.