13.541 Teen Cardinal Number
- Q. canquë num. “*fourteen”
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One of a set of Quenya “teen” numbers appearing in rough notes on numbers from the late 1960s appearing as kanakwe and likely meaning “fourteen” (VT48/21). I am of the opinion that this is a primitive form, and the modern Quenya form would be *canquë, though *canaquë is certainly possible. There was also a variant form quaican.
Conceptual Development: The Early Qenya Grammar of the 1910s had ᴱQ. kankea “fourteen” based on the earlier adjectival word ᴱQ. kea “ten” (PE14/49, 82).
- Q. enenquë num. “*sixteen”
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One of a set of Quenya “teen” numbers appearing in rough notes on numbers from the late 1960s, likely meaning “sixteen” (VT48/21). There was also a variant form quainque.
Conceptual Development: The Early Qenya Grammar of the 1910s had ᴱQ. en(ek)kea “sixteen” based on the earlier adjectival word ᴱQ. kea “ten” (PE14/49, 82).
- Q. lepenquë num. “*fifteen”
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One of a set of Quenya “teen” numbers appearing in rough notes on numbers from the late 1960s, likely meaning “fifteen” (VT48/21). It had a variant quailepen later in the same page.
Conceptual Development: The Early Qenya Grammar of the 1910s had ᴱQ. lenkea or leminkea “fifteen” based on the earlier adjectival word ᴱQ. kea “ten” (PE14/49, 82).
- ᴹQ. nahta num. “eighteen”
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A specialized word for “eighteen” that was part of the duodecimal system of counting in notes from the 1930s, derived from ᴹ√nakat (PE14/17 note #6).
Conceptual Development: The Early Qenya Grammar of the 1910s had ᴱQ. hualqe “eighteen” and adjective ᴱQ. hual(qe)tya “eighteenth” beside the more ordinary but rarer form ᴱQ. tolkea (PE14/49, 82). The word hualque is perhaps another specialized duodecimal word meaning “*double nine” as a combination of ᴱQ. hue “nine” and the dual root ᴱ√WI¹.
- Q. nelquë num. “*thirteen”
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One of a set of Quenya “teen” numbers appearing in rough notes on numbers from the late 1960s appearing as nelekwe likely meaning “thirteen” (VT48/21). I am of the opinion that this is a primitive form and the modern Quenya form would be *nelquë as suggested by Helge Fauskanger (QQ/nelequë), as further evidenced by nelquëa “*thirteenth” from the same page. There was also a variant form quainel.
Conceptual Development: The Early Qenya Grammar of the 1910s had ᴱQ. nelkea “thirteen” based on the earlier adjectival word ᴱQ. kea “ten” (PE14/49, 82).
- Q. neterquë num. “*nineteen”
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One of a set of Quenya “teen” numbers appearing in rough notes on numbers from the late 1960s, likely meaning “nineteen” (VT48/21).
Conceptual Development: The Early Qenya Grammar of the 1910s had ᴱQ. {huokea >>} húkea “nineteen” based on the earlier adjectival word ᴱQ. kea “ten” (PE14/49, 82).
- Q. otoquë num. “*seventeen”
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One of a set of Quenya “teen” numbers appearing in rough notes on numbers from the late 1960s, likely meaning “seventeen” (VT48/21).
Conceptual Development: The Early Qenya Grammar of the 1910s had ᴱQ. okkea “seventeen” based on the earlier adjectival word ᴱQ. kea “ten” (PE14/49, 82).
- Q. tolquë num. “*eighteen”
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One of a set of Quenya “teen” numbers appearing in rough notes on numbers from the late 1960s appearing as tolokwe and likely meaning “eighteen” (VT48/21). I am of the opinion that this is a primitive form, and the modern Quenya form would be *tolquë, though *toloquë is certainly possible.
Conceptual Development: The Early Qenya Grammar of the 1910s had ᴱQ. tolkea “eighteen” based on the earlier adjectival word ᴱQ. kea “ten” (PE14/49, 82). Tolkien indicated this word was rare, supplanted by ᴱQ. hualqe, which might have been borrower from duodecimal counting; see its entry for discussion.
- Q. yunquenta num. “thirteen, twelve and one more”
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A variant word for “thirteen”, a combination of yunquë “twelve” and enta “one more” (VT47/15). It also appeared as yunquente with an e (VT47/40). Compare also nel(e)quë “thirteen”.
Neo-Quenya: For purposes of Neo-Quenya, I think there is an interesting possibility that this word is the basis for duodecimal “teen” words, such as *yunquatta “twelve and two”, *yunquenel “twelve and three”, *yunquecan “twelve and four”, *yunquelepen “twelve and five”. I would follow these with [ᴹQ.] nahta “eighteen”, *nantenta “eighteen and one more”, *nahtatta “eighteen and two”, *nahtanel “eighteen and three”, *nahtacan “eighteen and four”, *nahtalepen “eighteen and five” and finally [ᴹQ.] yurasta “twenty four = *double twelve”, the duodecimal equivalent of “twenty”. This is all quite speculative, however.