12.222 And Q. ar conj. “and; ⚠️[ᴱQ., ᴹQ.] but” The word ar was the Quenya word for “and” for much of Tolkien’s life. It was related to (and originally identical with) Q. ar(a) “beside” (PE17/70). The word ar was always used between sentences, but in sets of items sometimes yo
Select Elvish Words
Studies on selected elvish words to sort out their semantics.
Select Elvish Words 12.221: Together
12.221 Together Q. o- pref. “together” A prefix meaning “together” derived from primitive √WO (WJ/367). The modern Quenya form of the prefix is the result of the sound change whereby “unstressed wo was often reduced to o with loss of w” (PE19/106). Note that “when stressed the [primitive] sequence wo
Select Elvish Words 12.22: to Join, Unite
12.22 to Join, Unite Q. limë n. “link, ⚠️*joint” A noun for a “link” implied by Q. málimë “wrist = hand-link” with the primitive form ✶limi (VT47/6). Neo-Quenya: Since a wrist is a joint, the noun limë might mean “*joint” as well, but I currently prefer to use [ᴱQ.] oxa
Select Elvish Words 12.21: to Gather, Collect
12.21 to Gather, Collect Q. comya- v. “to collect” A transitive verb in notes from around 1959-60 based on √KOM “gather, collect”, as opposed to intransitive ócom- “gather, assemble” (PE17/158). In a rejected section of the notes where it appeared, komya- was glossed “collect” along a weak past komyane and
Select Elvish Words 12.195: Whisper
12.195 Whisper ᴱQ. hyasse n. “rushing ?hence (?noise)” The word ᴱQ. vassale “rustling” appeared in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s under the early root ᴱ√VASA (QL/100). A similar (untranslated) word ’wassale appeared elsewhere in the lexicon derived from ᴱ√GWASA, possibly of the same or similar meaning (QL/103). Another word
Select Elvish Words 12.19: Quiet
12.19 Quiet ᴱQ. kalain(e)a adj. “serene” An adjective appearing as ᴱQ. kalaina or kalainea “serene” in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s under the early root ᴱ√KALA “shine golden” (QL/44). Kalaina also appeared in the contemporaneous Gnomish Lexicon as equivalent to G. glaim “serene, clear, fair (espec. of weather)” (GL/39),
Select Elvish Words 12.18: to Leave, Relinquish
12.18 to Leave, Relinquish Q. hehta- v. “to put aside, leave out, exclude, abandon, forsake” A verb in the Quendi and Eldar essay from 1959-60 glossed “put aside, leave out, exclude, abandon, forsake” from primitive ✶hek-ta (WJ/365), a causative form of the root √HEKE “aside, apart, separate” (WJ/361). Q. hequa
Select Elvish Words 12.16-12.17: to Stay, Remain, be Left Over
12.16: to Stay, Wait, Remain ᴹQ. hora- v. “to wait for” A verb appearing as ᴹQ. {hopa >> kopa >>} hora- “wait for” in the Quenya Verbal System (QVS) written in 1948 as an example of an a-verb (PE22/113). It was derived from {ᴹ√skop >> ᴹ√kop >>} ᴹ√skor. ᴹQ. lemya-
Select Elvish Words 12.15 to Stand
12.15: to Stand Q. ras- v. “to stick out” A verb mentioned in the Outline of Phonology (OP2) from the 1950s as an example of how z dissimilates back to s after r (PE19/73). It is clearly a verbal derivation of √RAS, which was translated as “stick up” in The
Select Elvish Words 12.14 to Lie, Recline
12.14: to Lie, Recline Q. caita-¹ v. “to lie (down)” The Quenya verb for “lie” based on the root √KAY of the same meaning (PE17/72; PE22/156). It is a half-strong verb with half-strong past ceantë (PE22/157, 164), but it more commonly uses a strong past caine “lay” (PE17/72; PE22/159; VT48/12)